Evidence mapPaperPMID 40630348Full record

ArticleCureus2025

Trapped by the Arrows: Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder and the Illusion of Control in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.

Maham Tahir, Adnan Zahid, Sara Afzal

Abstract readCase Reports
In one paragraph

Article in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Maham TahirInternal Medicine, CMH Lahore Medical College and Institute of Dentistry, Lahore, PAK.
Adnan ZahidEndocrinology, Bahria International Hospital, Rawalpindi, PAK.
Sara AfzalInternal Medicine, Bahria International Hospital, Rawalpindi, PAK.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We present the case of a 25-year-old female patient with a 20-year history of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), who experienced recurrent episodes of shakiness, diaphoresis, and dizziness, despite normal blood glucose levels. These symptoms were attributed to changes in the direction of the arrows displayed on her continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) device. Further investigations, including capillary and venous blood glucose measurements, ruled out biochemical hypoglycemia. Psychiatric evaluation using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) criteria excluded anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, diabulimia, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Upon analysis of her CGM data and clinical history, it became apparent that her restrictive eating behavior was driven by a fear of glycemic fluctuations, both hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia, rather than body image concerns. She was ultimately diagnosed with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID), primarily driven by worry about blood glucose instability. This case highlights the importance of distinguishing between psychological and physiological causes of glycemic fluctuations in T1DM and underscores the need for early intervention in patients with restrictive eating patterns.

Indexed as

avoidant restrictive food intake disorder (arfid)cgmcontinuous glucose monitoring systemsdiabetes mellitus managementdisordered eating behavioreating behaviorsflash glucose monitoringpicky eating behaviortype 1 diabetes mellitus (t1dm)

Identifiers

PMID40630348
PMCPMC12237214

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.