ArticleCancer gene therapy2025
Combined downregulation of TGF-β1 and GRP78 is responsible for overcoming acquired sorafenib resistance, which is initiated by rewiring the cell surface CD44-GRP78-IGF-1R signaling circuit.
Article in Cancer gene therapy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- GRP78 dysregulation: A proposed molecular mechanism linking the tumor microenvironment to sepsis susceptibility in patients with cancer (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Unfolded Protein Response Pathways in Cancer: Mechanisms, Tumor Biology and Therapeutic Opportunities.Molecular diagnosis & therapy · 2026Review
- Multifaceted roles of CD44 in cancer progression and targeted therapeutic strategies.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Review
- GRP78 in viral pneumonia: dual regulatory mechanisms and translational prospects.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2026Review
- GRP78 in human diseases: From molecular chaperone to therapeutic target.Theranostics · 2026Review
- Harnessing transcriptomics for discovery of natural products to overcome acquired cancer resistance.Archives of pharmacal research · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Previously, we showed that the downregulation of both HSP27 and TGF-β1 decreased the survival of various tumor types. However, we found that HSP27/TGF-β1 downregulation was less effective in acquired sorafenib-resistant HCC cell lines. As an alternative to HSP27/TGF-β1 downregulation to induce acute cell death in sorafenib-resistant cancer, we substituted shGRP78 for shHSP27 as a complement to shTGF-β1. The combination of shTGF-β1/shGRP78 was shown to overcome sorafenib resistance in HCC cell lines. Notably, both GRP78 and CD44 accumulate at the cell surface during sorafenib treatment and are accompanied by IRE1α activation; this effect is responsible for triggering and maintaining sorafenib resistance. These results revealed that sorafenib-induced acquired resistance in cancer cells is the result of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) feedback activation via the CD44-linked GRP78 signaling pathway with efficient rewiring of the GRP78-IGF1R-PI3K-Akt signaling cascade, which provides strong survival potential as well as a continuous positive feedback loop, resulting in sustained strong sorafenib resistance. In summary, CD44-GRP78 functions as both a sensor of sorafenib-induced ER stress and a mediator of sorafenib resistance.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.