Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40634659›Full record

ArticleNPJ digital medicine2025

Large language models-enabled digital twins for precision medicine in rare gynecological tumors.

Jacqueline Lammert, Nicole Pfarr, Leonid Kuligin, Sonja Mathes, Tobias Dreyer, Luise Modersohn, Patrick Metzger, Dyke Ferber, Jakob Nikolas Kather, Daniel Truhn and 9 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in NPJ digital medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. AI-based augmentation of oncology clinical trials.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2026
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  11. [AI-enabled clinical decision support systems: challenges and opportunities].Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz · 2025
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

19 authors.

Jacqueline LammertDepartment of Gynecology and Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Technical University of Munich (TUM), School of Medicine and Health, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM University Hospital, Munich, Germany. Jacqueline.Lammert@tum.de.
Nicole PfarrCenter for Personalized Medicine (ZPM), Technical University of Munich (TUM), School of Medicine and Health, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM University Hospital, Munich, Germany.
Leonid KuliginGoogle Cloud, Munich, Germany.
Sonja MathesDepartment of Dermatology and Allergy Biederstein, Technical University of Munich (TUM), School of Medicine and Health, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM University Hospital, Munich, Germany.
Tobias DreyerDepartment of Gynecology and Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Technical University of Munich (TUM), School of Medicine and Health, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM University Hospital, Munich, Germany.
Luise ModersohnInstitute of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine and Healthcare, Technical University of Munich (TUM), School of Medicine and Health, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM University Hospital, Munich, Germany.
Patrick MetzgerInstitute of Medical Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Dyke FerberElse Kroener Fresenius Center for Digital Health, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Jakob Nikolas KatherElse Kroener Fresenius Center for Digital Health, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Daniel TruhnDepartment of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
Lisa Christine AdamsDepartment of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM University Hospital, Munich, Germany.
Keno Kyrill BressemDepartment of Cardiovascular Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, German Heart Center, TUM University Hospital, Munich, Germany.
Sebastian LangeCenter for Personalized Medicine (ZPM), Technical University of Munich (TUM), School of Medicine and Health, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM University Hospital, Munich, Germany.
Kristina SchwambornCenter for Personalized Medicine (ZPM), Technical University of Munich (TUM), School of Medicine and Health, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM University Hospital, Munich, Germany.
Martin BoekerInstitute of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine and Healthcare, Technical University of Munich (TUM), School of Medicine and Health, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM University Hospital, Munich, Germany.
Marion KiechleDepartment of Gynecology and Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Technical University of Munich (TUM), School of Medicine and Health, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM University Hospital, Munich, Germany.
Ulrich A SchatzDepartment of Gynecology and Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Technical University of Munich (TUM), School of Medicine and Health, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM University Hospital, Munich, Germany.
Holger BrongerDepartment of Gynecology and Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Technical University of Munich (TUM), School of Medicine and Health, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM University Hospital, Munich, Germany.
Maximilian TschochoheiInstitute of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine and Healthcare, Technical University of Munich (TUM), School of Medicine and Health, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM University Hospital, Munich, Germany.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Rare gynecological tumors (RGTs) present major clinical challenges due to their low incidence and heterogeneity. The lack of clear guidelines leads to suboptimal management and poor prognosis. Molecular tumor boards accelerate access to effective therapies by tailoring treatment based on biomarkers, beyond cancer type. Unstructured data that requires manual curation hinders efficient use of biomarker profiling for therapy matching. This study explores the use of large language models (LLMs) to construct digital twins for precision medicine in RGTs. Our proof-of-concept digital twin system integrates clinical and biomarker data from institutional and published cases (n = 21) and literature-derived data (n = 655 publications) to create tailored treatment plans for metastatic uterine carcinosarcoma, identifying options potentially missed by traditional, single-source analysis. LLM-enabled digital twins efficiently model individual patient trajectories. Shifting to a biology-based rather than organ-based tumor definition enables personalized care that could advance RGT management and thus enhance patient outcomes.

Identifiers

PMID40634659
PMCPMC12241315

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.