Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40635581›Full record

ArticleJournal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM2025

Distinguishing organic from idiopathic central precocious puberty: clinical characteristics and predictive factors for organic etiology in a multicenter Italian cohort study.

Giorgio Sodero, Marilea Lezzi, Luigi Antonio Moscogiuri, Elena Malavolta, Federica Arzilli, Aniello Meoli, Anna Camporeale, Francesco Gallo, Donato Rigante, Clelia Cipolla

Abstract readMulticenter Study
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In one paragraph

Article in Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Giorgio SoderoDepartment of Pediatrics, 18654 Perrino Hospital , Brindisi, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3711-4928
Marilea LezziDepartment of Pediatrics, 18654 Perrino Hospital , Brindisi, Italy.
Luigi Antonio MoscogiuriDepartment of Pediatrics, 18654 Perrino Hospital , Brindisi, Italy.
Elena MalavoltaDepartment of Life Sciences and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
Federica ArzilliDepartment of Life Sciences and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
Aniello MeoliDepartment of Pediatrics, 18654 Perrino Hospital , Brindisi, Italy.
Anna CamporealeDepartment of Pediatrics, 18654 Perrino Hospital , Brindisi, Italy.
Francesco GalloDepartment of Pediatrics, 18654 Perrino Hospital , Brindisi, Italy.
Donato RiganteDepartment of Life Sciences and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
Clelia CipollaDepartment of Life Sciences and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesCentral precocious puberty (CPP) is characterized by the early onset of secondary sexual characteristics before the age of 8 in girls and 9 in boys. While rapid progression of sexual development may indicate an underlying organic cause, such as the presence of anatomical abnormalities of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, no definitive diagnostic standard exists. Therefore, diagnosis requires a comprehensive assessment incorporating clinical, biochemical, and radiological evaluations. The aim of this study is to identify clinical, hormonal, and radiological factors that differentiate idiopathic from organic CPP, in order to establish predictive criteria for the identification of organic etiology.

methodsA multicenter retrospective study was conducted on female patients diagnosed with CPP at two major Italian hospitals between January 2015 and February 2025. Clinical, hormonal, and radiological data were analyzed to differentiate between idiopathic and organic CPP. A total of 134 patients were included, all of whom underwent a GnRH stimulation test for diagnosis.

resultsAmong the 134 patients, 12 (9 %) were diagnosed with organic CPP. Patients with organic CPP were diagnosed at a younger age, exhibited higher growth velocity, and showed elevated basal and stimulated gonadotropin levels. Multivariate analysis identified several significant predictors of organic CPP, including age at diagnosis, LH peak, LH/FSH ratio, height SD, and growth velocity. ROC curve analysis demonstrated that an LH peak >9.1 mIU/mL and growth velocity >1.75 standard deviations (SD) were highly sensitive (80 %) and specific (85 %) indicators of organic CPP.

conclusionsOrganic CPP is characterized by a younger age at diagnosis, faster progression of puberty, and higher gonadotropin levels compared to idiopathic CPP. An LH peak >9.1 mIU/mL and a growth velocity >1.75 SD should be considered key diagnostic markers for identifying organic causes of CPP and guiding further investigation and treatment.

Indexed as

BiomarkersPuberty, PrecociousChildChild, PreschoolDiagnosis, DifferentialFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansItalyLuteinizing HormoneMalePrognosisRetrospective StudiesBiomarkersLuteinizing Hormonecentral precocious pubertygonadotropinspediatric endocrinologypuberty onset

Identifiers

PMID40635581

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.