ArticleFrontiers in public health2025
Global, regional and national patterns and gender disparity of intraocular foreign bodies from 1990 to 2021.
Article in Frontiers in public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Sex-based differences in ocular trauma: a systematic review with narrative synthesis.Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- Intraocular foreign bodies in Asia: insights from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 Study.Eye (London, England) · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Purpose: To describe and evaluate the gender and socioeconomic disparities in the global burden of intraocular foreign bodies (IOFBs) from 1990 to 2021. Methods: Gender-specific prevalence and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of IOFBs by year, age, geography and socioeconomic status were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. We used the Wilcoxon signed rank test and linear regression analysis to research the relationship between the age-standardized DALYs rate and gender difference (males minus females) and Socio-demographic Index (SDI). Results: The total all-age prevalence and DALYs due to IOFBs rose by 41.9 and 35.5%, respectively, from 1990 to 2021, and the age-standardized prevalence and DALYs rates decreased by 15.2 and 19.6%. The IOFBs burden was greater among middle-aged and older adult men, especially in 45-49 years. The burden of IOFBs was concentrated in countries of Western Europe, East Asia, High-income North America and Southern Latin America. The age-standardized DALYs rates of males were significantly higher than those of females in all five SDI groups ( Conclusion: The burden of IOFBs is higher among men in terms of age, region, and SDI categories. Male workers in regions with higher SDI should receive more attention. Measures are needed to improve eye protection and reduce eye injuries among males in the workplace.
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