ArticleDrugs - real world outcomes2025
Effectiveness of Glipizide and Glipizide Plus Metformin Formulation among Asian Indians with Type 2 Diabetes: a Real-World, Retrospective Electronic Medical Record Analysis.
Article in Drugs - real world outcomes, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundIn low- and middle-income countries, sulfonylureas are commonly prescribed due to cost-effectiveness. However, data comparing their real-world impact, especially when used alone versus in combination with metformin, remain limited.
objectiveThis study aimed to assess the effectiveness of glipizide and glipizide plus metformin in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) using real-world data.
methodsData was obtained from 11,949 individuals with T2D who were prescribed either glipizide or glipizide+metformin and had at least one follow-up within 1 year at a tertiary diabetes care centre in India. The primary outcome was the change in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels from baseline to follow-up. Secondary outcomes included changes in fasting plasma glucose (FPG), postprandial glucose (PPG), body mass index (BMI), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).
resultsThe mean age of participants was 56 ± 11 years, 59% (n = 7008) were male, and the mean diabetes duration was 10.2 ± 8 years. In the glipizide group (n = 6034), HbA1c decreased from 8.8% to 7.9% (p < 0.001), FPG decreased by 16 mg/dL (p < 0.001), and PPG decreased by 29 mg/dL (p < 0.001). In the glipizide + metformin group (n = 5915), HbA1c levels declined from 8.9% to 7.8% (p < 0.001), and FPG and PPG declined by 23 mg/dL and 44 mg/dL, respectively (p < 0.001). BMI remained stable in the glipizide group, while a reduction of 0.2 kg/m
conclusionsGlipizide as monotherapy or in combination with metformin, significantly improved glycemic control even in those with decreasing renal function, with no adverse effects on weight and with preservation of β-cell function. While long-term studies are needed to assess the sustainability of these benefits, glipizide can be considered a cost-effective therapeutic option for T2D in low- and middle-income countries.
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