ArticleThe Psychiatric quarterly2025
Peripheral Inflammation In Adult ADHD: Sex Differences And Hematological Markers.
Article in The Psychiatric quarterly, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Inflammatory cytokine alterations in autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairments that persist into adulthood. Despite advancements in our understanding of ADHD, the factors influencing its course remain unclear. The inflammatory hypothesis suggests that immune dysregulation may contribute to ADHD pathophysiology. However, research examining inflammation in adult ADHD is limited. This cross-sectional study aimed to compare complete blood count (CBC) parameters and derived inflammatory indices between adult patients with ADHD and healthy controls, with particular attention to sex differences. The study included 72 drug-free adults with ADHD (aged 18-38 years) diagnosed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) and 72 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. CBC parameters and inflammatory indices, including neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), basophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (BLR), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII), and pan-immune inflammatory value (PIV), were compared between the groups. Monocyte counts were significantly higher in the ADHD group than in the control group (p = 0.019). Sex-specific analysis revealed no significant differences in inflammatory parameters among females. However, male patients with ADHD showed significantly elevated leukocyte, neutrophil, and monocyte counts compared to male controls (p = 0.031, p = 0.049, and p = 0.038, respectively). These findings suggest that elevated monocyte levels, indicative of chronic inflammation, may have diagnostic implications in adult ADHD, particularly among males. These findings underscore the necessity to incorporate sex-specific biological mechanisms when investigating and developing therapeutic strategies for ADHD.
Indexed as
Identifiers
40638003What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.