T cell epitope content comparison using EpiCC correlates with vaccine efficacy against heterologous porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus type 2 strains.

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is one of the most ubiquitous RNA viruses affecting pigs and pig farms globally. While vaccines are available, they are not entirely effective, and the introduction of modified live virus vaccines (MLV) has contributed to an increase in the rate of viral evolution. While vaccines induce humoral responses that may contribute to immunity against PRRSV, vaccines containing T cell epitopes that are well-matched to circulating strains are believed to be more likely to induce protective effects upon challenge or field exposure. We developed an algorithm that performs T cell epitope content comparison (EpiCC) based on PRRSV sequence data, that may assist veterinarians, practitioners, producers, and farmers to select and design well-matched vaccines for use against circulating PRRSV isolates. A recently published vaccination-challenge experiment provided an opportunity to test EpiCC. We hypothesized that higher conservation of T cell epitope content between the MLV vaccine and challenge viruses would be associated with better protective effects of vaccination. We used the EpiCC algorithm to compare the T cell epitope content contained in the MLV Prevacent