ArticleFrontiers in public health2025
A comparative study on tobacco prevalence and secondhand smoke exposure before and after the lockdown in Rizhao, China: analysis of 2022 and 2024 data.
Article in Frontiers in public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: This study aims to compare the trends of tobacco prevalence and secondhand smoke exposure in Rizhao, China, before and after the lockdown, and to analyze the changes in residents' awareness of smoking-related diseases. Method: Two cross-sectional surveys on tobacco prevalence and secondhand smoke exposure were conducted in Rizhao, China, in 2022 and 2024. The chi-square test was used to determine whether there were significant differences. Result: A total of 1872 valid questionnaires were collected from the two surveys. The results showed that the current smoking rate declined significantly from 32.53 to 25.84% ( Conclusion: Our study reveals a paradoxical situation in Rizhao: declining active smoking contrasts sharply with escalating secondhand smoke exposure, along with decreasing public awareness of smoking-related diseases. These trends suggest that conventional tobacco control measures have been effective in curbing active smoking, while they are insufficient to address the new behavioral patterns emerging from the prolonged indoor confinement and changing work-life arrangements during the pandemic. Effective tobacco control campaigns and targeted interventions for key populations are urgently needed.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.