Evidence mapPaperPMID 40642671Full record

ReviewCureus2025

Effect of Empagliflozin on Cardiovascular Mortality and Heart Failure Hospitalizations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Uzma Rauf, Farrukh Ansar, Muhammad Shazib Ali, Fizza Chudhary, Muhammad Haris Zafar, Abdullah Azzam, Muhammad Adeel Amjad, Mehak Qmar Siddique, Mohammad S Rauf, Muhammad Bilal Ahmad

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Uzma RaufMedicine, St. Vincent Medical Center, Toledo, USA.
Farrukh AnsarMedicine, Alkhidmat Raazi Hospital, Rawalpindi, PAK.
Muhammad Shazib AliOrthopedics, Ihsan Mumtaz Hospital, Lahore, PAK.
Fizza ChudharyPharmacology and Therapeutics, Niazi Medical and Dental College, Sargodha, PAK.
Muhammad Haris ZafarAnatomy, Amna Inayat Medical and Educational Complex, Sheikhupura, PAK.
Abdullah AzzamMedicine, Alkhidmat Raazi Hospital, Rawalpindi, PAK.
Muhammad Adeel AmjadAnatomy, Amna Inayat Medical and Educational Complex, Sheikhupura, PAK.
Mehak Qmar SiddiqueAnatomy, Amna Inayat Medical and Educational Complex, Sheikhupura, PAK.
Mohammad S RaufMedicine and Surgery, Northwest General Hospital, Peshawar, PAK.
Muhammad Bilal AhmadMedicine, Quaid-e-Azam International Hospital, Islamabad, PAK.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Empagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, has demonstrated clinically meaningful benefits in patients with heart failure (HF). This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the effect of empagliflozin on cardiovascular mortality and hospitalization for heart failure (HHF) across randomized controlled trials (RCTs). A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar, identifying five eligible RCTs. Studies were included if they evaluated empagliflozin's impact on cardiovascular mortality and HHF. A meta-analysis was performed using hazard ratios (HRs) for cardiovascular death and HHF. Data were synthesized using fixed- or random-effects models based on the degree of heterogeneity. The meta-analysis included 23,344 patients, of whom 12,849 received empagliflozin. Cardiovascular mortality was significantly reduced with empagliflozin (HR 0.86; 95% CI: 0.78-0.96). For HHF, empagliflozin reduced the risk by 30% (HR 0.70; 95% CI: 0.64-0.77) across all trials. Sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of these results. Empagliflozin significantly reduces cardiovascular mortality and HHF, supporting its use as a cornerstone therapy in heart failure management, especially in patients at high cardiovascular risk. These findings highlight the potential of empagliflozin as a key therapeutic intervention in heart failure care.

Indexed as

cardiovascular mortalityempagliflozinheart failureheart failure hospitalizationssodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (sglt2) inhibitors

Identifiers

PMID40642671
PMCPMC12241828

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.