SynthesisEpidemiologic reviews2025
Socioeconomic status and depression-a systematic review.
Synthesis in Epidemiologic reviews, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed.
- Association of the C-1019G (rs6295) Polymorphism of theDiseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The Longitudinal Effect of Friend Support on Depressive Symptoms from Adolescence to Young Adulthood Among Asian Americans.International journal of behavioral medicine · 2026Article
- Genetic perspectives on the comorbidity of anxiety and mood disorders with cardiovascular disease.Nature cardiovascular research · 2026Review
- Developmental Dynamics of Deviant Peer Affiliation and Internet Gaming Disorder: A Time-Varying Effect Modeling Approach.Journal of youth and adolescence · 2026Article
- Domain-specific physical activity and its association with depression severity in older Korean adults: insights from the 2022 Korea national health and nutrition examination survey.Physical activity and nutrition · 2026Article
- Article
- Depression and psychiatric help-seeking as joint outcomes: a Bayesian multilevel analysis of household-level dependence.Health and quality of life outcomes · 2026Article
- Trends in depressive symptoms in Germany's adult population 2008-2023.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2026Article
- Dietary inflammatory potential in depressive symptoms in older Chinese people in Hong Kong: a cohort study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Revisiting the Proximal Dominance Assumption: Community Social Inclusion in an Ecological Analysis of Finnish Adolescent Mental Health.Psychology research and behavior management · 2026Article
- AI-driven European Retrospective Database Study to predict disease onset in patients with epilepsy and depression.BMJ neurology open · 2026Article
- Mental health of Ukrainian refugees in Germany compared to other population groups - Results from the IAB-BAMF-SOEP Survey 2023.Journal of health monitoring · 2026Article
- Depression across the menopausal stages in the United Arab Emirates: prevalence and risk factors.Frontiers in global women's health · 2026Article
- Clinical Depression in the Last Year in Life in Persons Dying from Non-Cancer Conditions-Real World Data.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Personalizing Antidepressant Therapy: Integrating Pharmacogenomics, Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, and Digital Tools for Improved Depression Outcomes.Journal of personalized medicine · 2025Review
- Review
- Depressive and anxiety symptoms among adults in Germany: Results from the RKI Panel 'Health in Germany' 2024.Journal of health monitoring · 2025Article
- Low Socioeconomic Status and Burn Injuries in Switzerland: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2025Article
- Mental health of couples affects fertility, modified by socioeconomic status: a couple-based analysis.Human reproduction open · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Low socioeconomic status (SES) has been associated with an increased risk of depression and psychiatric disorders in general. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we provide an estimate of the risk of clinical depression associated with low SES across cultures, age groups, and study designs. Finally, we tested whether associations between SES and depression differed by the income of the country in which the study was conducted. A literature search across 5 databases returned 7943 studies. Title, abstract, and full-text screening resulted in 162 included studies of which 122 were meta-analyzed, 22 were included in a cross-sectional narrative review, and 19 studies were included in a longitudinal narrative review. Meta-analyses were divided into risk estimates for composite SES, income, education, and employment. Sensitivity analyses based on differences in economic situation in the country of study origin were performed to investigate a possible source of between-study heterogeneity. Low SES was associated with an increased risk of depression across all measures of SES. Low income was associated with the highest odds ratio for depression (1.96; 95% CI, 1.53-2.52). Sensitivity analyses revealed no significant differences in between-study heterogeneity or risk of depression between high- and low-income economy groups. Comparable risks of depression across economy groups suggest that income relative to your peers, rather than absolute income, is a risk factor for depression. Preventive measures and possible policy interventions are discussed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.