Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40643788›Full record

SynthesisAmerican journal of cardiovascular drugs : drugs, devices, and other interventions2025

Comparative Efficacy of Pharmacological Interventions for Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction Between Asian and White Patients: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Wenxi Huang, Huilin Tang, Yujia Li, Wei-Han Chen, Shao-Hsuan Chang, Jiang Bian, Mustafa M Ahmed, Stephen E Kimmel, Jingchuan Guo

Abstract readComparative StudyMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in American journal of cardiovascular drugs : drugs, devices, and other interventions, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Wenxi HuangDepartment of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, 1889 Museum Road, DSIT 6004, Gainesville, FL, 32606, USA.
Huilin TangDepartment of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, 1889 Museum Road, DSIT 6004, Gainesville, FL, 32606, USA.
Yujia LiDepartment of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, 1889 Museum Road, DSIT 6004, Gainesville, FL, 32606, USA.
Wei-Han ChenDepartment of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, 1889 Museum Road, DSIT 6004, Gainesville, FL, 32606, USA.
Shao-Hsuan ChangDepartment of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, 1889 Museum Road, DSIT 6004, Gainesville, FL, 32606, USA.
Jiang BianBiostatistics and Health Data Science, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
Mustafa M AhmedDivision of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.
Stephen E KimmelDepartment of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
Jingchuan GuoDepartment of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, 1889 Museum Road, DSIT 6004, Gainesville, FL, 32606, USA. guoj1@ufl.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9799-2592

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionHeart failure (HF) poses a significant public health burden in the USA and worldwide, with a higher incidence and disproportionate presentation at a younger age in Asian populations than in other racial and ethnic groups.

objectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the treatment efficacy of different HF pharmacological interventions in Asian versus white patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).

methodsWe conducted a pairwise meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in adults with HFrEF. We searched the Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases from inception to February 9, 2022. We identified RCTs investigating the efficacy of HF drugs, including angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, an angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (sacubitril/valsartan), beta-blockers, hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel blockers, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, renin inhibitors, vasopressin V2 receptor blockers, and oral soluble guanylate cyclase stimulators. The primary outcome was a composite endpoint of hospitalization of HF, cardiovascular death, and all-cause mortality.

resultsWe included 11 RCTs involving 32,654 participants from Asian and white populations. In Asian patients, SGLT2 inhibitors (risk ratio [RR] 0.61; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.49-0.75) were the most effective in reducing the composite endpoint of hospitalization of HF, followed by hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel blockers (RR 0.62; 95% CI 0.42-0.89). In white patients, beta-blockers (RR 0.68; 95% CI 0.59-0.78) were the most effective in lowering the risk of adverse outcomes, followed by SGLT2 inhibitors (RR 0.72; 95% CI 0.53-0.97). Overall, SGLT2 inhibitors were the most effective treatment in reducing the risk of adverse outcomes among all patients with HFrEF (RR 0.72; 95% CI 0.53-0.97), with a better treatment effect in Asian patients than in their white counterparts (P_interaction = 0.014).

conclusionsThe findings from this study suggest that treatment with SGLT2 inhibitors is effective in lowering the risk of adverse clinical outcomes in patients with HFrEF for both Asian and white populations, with a more pronounced effect in Asian populations. These results highlight the importance of considering racial and ethnic differences in the management of HF.

Indexed as

Asian PeopleHeart FailureStroke VolumeWhite PeopleAngiotensin-Converting Enzyme InhibitorsHumansRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicTreatment OutcomeAngiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors

Identifiers

PMID40643788

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.