ArticleACS applied materials & interfaces2025
Optimization of a Dissolvable Lipid Nanoparticle Microneedle Formulation for mRNA Delivery Using Design of Experiments.
Article in ACS applied materials & interfaces, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Driving Drugs Deeper: Force-Driven Microneedle Systems for Active Therapy and Their Road Towards Clinical Implementation.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Review
- Lipid Nanoparticles for Gene Therapy: Unresolved Challenges in Manufacturing, Transdermal Delivery, Machine Learning, Endosomal Escape, and the Protein Corona.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Materiobiology-guided regulation of mesenchymal stromal cell fate for aging-related diseases: From basic parameter design to clinical application.Bioactive materials · 2026Review
- Tumor-Induced Splenic Remodeling: Mechanisms of Systemic Immunosuppression and Emerging Therapeutic Opportunities.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Microneedles (MNs) are an emerging strategy to realize the transdermal delivery of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) in a minimally invasive manner. Via development, the LNP's physicochemical properties, such as size and charge, and the MN's composition and fabrication procedure, must be optimized. Currently, the optimization is done through trial and error, which is heavily influenced by personal experience and preference of researchers. This study utilizes Design of Experiments (DoE) for optimizing parameters in LNP-MN fabrication to gain independence from personal experience and preference. As a proof of concept, we develop an LNP-MN device to deliver mRNA encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP). Flow cytometric analysis reveals that freshly prepared LNP-MNs achieve a transfection efficiency of 43.3% in mesenchymal stem cells, compared with 8.51% for the lipofectamine control. The LNP-MN group also provides more homogeneous transfection (99.4% GFP positive cells), while the number is only 31.0% in the lipofectamine group. mRNA-LNP-MN maintains a transfection efficiency of 22.7% after 42 days of storage at room temperature. Finally, luciferase mRNA is successfully transfected into mice by the mRNA-LNP-MN delivery system.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.