Evidence mapPaperPMID 40645475Full record

ReviewProgress in retinal and eye research2025

Replacing the vitreous body with hydrogels: Rationale and strategies.

André Schulz, Meghal Keskar, Katelyn E Swindle-Reilly, Valentin Junge, Bhav Harshad Parikh, Xinyi Su, Zengping Liu, Ivan Seah

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Progress in retinal and eye research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

André SchulzDepartment of Ophthalmology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany. Electronic address: andre.schulz@med.uni-rostock.de.
Meghal KeskarWilliam G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
Katelyn E Swindle-ReillyWilliam G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
Valentin JungeDepartment of Ophthalmology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany.
Bhav Harshad ParikhInstitute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138 673, Singapore.
Xinyi SuInstitute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138 673, Singapore; Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI), Singapore, Singapore; Department of Ophthalmology, National University Hospital (NUH), Singapore, Singapore.
Zengping LiuInstitute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138 673, Singapore; Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI), Singapore, Singapore; Centre for Innovation and Precision Eye Health, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. Electronic address: zengpingliu@nus.edu.sg.
Ivan SeahInstitute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138 673, Singapore.

Funding

Predictive Drug Release from a Tunable Injectable CapsuleR01EB032870 · NIBIB · OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY · PI Nagaraj Kerur · 2023 to 2026
$2.1M
The impact of age-related vitreous degeneration and vitreous replacement on scleral biomechanics: a novel mechanism and treatment target for glaucomaR21EY035035 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM · PI BIANCO, GIANFRANCO · 2023 to 2024
$429k
Evaluation of New Anti-inflammatory Treatments for Age-Related Macular DegenerationR21EY035038 · NEI · OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY · PI SWINDLE-REILLY, KATELYN E · 2023 to 2024
$389k
NEI NIH HHS R21 EY035035NEI NIH HHS R21 EY035038NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB032870
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

During vitreoretinal surgery, the vitreous body is removed and requires a suitable replacement to ensure ocular homeostasis, as the native vitreous does not regenerate. An ideal vitreous substitute should mimic the optical, mechanical, and biochemical properties of the natural vitreous while maintaining long-term biocompatibility. Currently, clinically used substitutes such as gases and silicone oils facilitate retinal reattachment but deviate significantly from the native vitreous, leading to complications such as cataract formation, increased intraocular pressure, and emulsification. Given these limitations, there is a growing interest in hydrogels as potential vitreous substitutes due to their similarity to the native vitreous. This review therefore aspires to provide a comprehensive and detailed overview of current knowledge on the structural and biochemical composition of the vitreous, the challenges associated with existing substitutes, and recent advancements in vitreous replacement technologies. Particular attention is given to preformed and in-situ forming hydrogels, based on biopolymers and synthetic polymers, discussing their chemical composition, diverse characteristics with regard to the multiple requirements for vitreous substitutes, and clinical applicability. Finally, future challenges and opportunities in developing an ideal vitreous substitute are highlighted, including vitreous substitutes as drug delivery systems as well as cellularized vitreous substitutes by combining advanced hydrogel systems with hyalocytes as vitreous cells to further replicate the versatile characteristics and functions of the native vitreous.

Indexed as

Biocompatible MaterialsHydrogelsVitreoretinal SurgeryVitreous BodyAnimalsHumansTissue EngineeringBiocompatible MaterialsHydrogelsGasHyalocyteHydrogelSilicone oilVitreoretinal surgeryVitreousVitreous substitute

Identifiers

PMID40645475
PMCPMC13134038

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.