Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40645733›Full record

ArticleThe lancet. Healthy longevity2025

Factors related to blood-based biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases and their intergenerational associations in the Young Finns Study: a cohort study.

Marja A Heiskanen, Juha Mykkänen, Katja Pahkala, Markus Juonala, Mika Kähönen, Terho Lehtimäki, Tomi P Laitinen, Eero Jokinen, Päivi Tossavainen, Anna Linko-Parvinen and 6 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The lancet. Healthy longevity, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. The physiological effects of APOE genotype in healthy young/middle-aged individuals.Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · 2026
    Article
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Observational
  5. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Marja A HeiskanenResearch Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland. Electronic address: marja.heiskanen@utu.fi.
Juha MykkänenResearch Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
Katja PahkalaResearch Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Paavo Nurmi Centre, Unit for Health and Physical Activity, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
Markus JuonalaDepartment of Medicine, University of Turku and Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
Mika KähönenDepartment of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
Terho LehtimäkiFaculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Centre, Tampere, Finland.
Tomi P LaitinenDepartment of Clinical Physiology, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
Eero JokinenDepartment of Paediatric Cardiology, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Päivi TossavainenDepartment of Paediatrics, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, MRC Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
Anna Linko-ParvinenDepartment of Clinical Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Tyks Laboratories, Clinical Chemistry, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
Hanna-Mari PallariTyks Laboratories, Clinical Chemistry, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
Kaj BlennowDepartment of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Centre, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, and Department of Neurology, Institute on Ageing and Brain Disorders, University of Science and Technology of China and First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei, China; Paris Brain Institute, ICM, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France.
Henrik ZetterbergDepartment of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK; Hong Kong Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
Jorma ViikariDepartment of Medicine, University of Turku and Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
Olli RaitakariResearch Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; InFLAMES Research Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
Suvi P RovioResearch Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Public Health, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundBlood-based biomarkers (BBM) of neurodegenerative diseases are emerging as cost-effective tools in the differential diagnostics of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. Scarce data exist about factors explaining BBM variation in population-based cohorts, and their intergenerational associations are unknown. This study aimed to characterise BBM distributions among a population-based cohort, investigate the association of a wide array of factors with BBM both in midlife and old age, and investigate intergenerational associations of BBM.

methodsWe measured BBM detecting amyloid β and tau pathologies, including amyloid β42, amyloid β40, and phosphorylated Tau (pTau)-217, as well as glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and neurofilament light chain (NfL) in the multigenerational Young Finns Study participants (n=1237, age 41-56 years) and their parents (n=814, age 59-90 years) using the Quanterix Simoa HD-X analyser. Standard statistical methods were used to examine the associations between BBM and age, sex, genetic factors, a plethora of cardiometabolic markers, liver and kidney function, and lifestyle factors, as well as their intergenerational associations.

findingsIncreased age was associated with adverse BBM concentrations. Of the various investigated factors, the most robust associations towards adverse BBM concentration were found for APOE ε4 carrier status among parents (amyloid β42:40 ratio, pTau-217, and GFAP) and high serum creatinine concentration in both generations (pTau-217, GFAP, and NfL). Several factors related to glucose metabolism and dyslipidaemia were negatively associated with all BBM, but adjusting for BMI diluted many of these associations. Statistically significant intergenerational correlations ranged from 0·20 to 0·33 and were mostly observed between mothers and offspring in pTau-217, GFAP, and NfL. No intergenerational correlations existed in amyloid β42:40 ratio.

interpretationWe identified several factors that might influence BBM concentrations, parental transmission being one of them. For reliable use of BBM in clinical practice, it is important to identify which factors directly link to amyloid β and tau pathology and which factors influence BBM concentrations due to other physiological processes.

fundingResearch Council of Finland, Social Insurance Institution of Finland, Competitive State Research Financing of the Expert Responsibility area of the Kuopio, Tampere and Turku University Hospitals, Juho Vainio Foundation, Paavo Nurmi Foundation, Finnish Foundation for Cardiovascular Research, Finnish Cultural Foundation, The Sigrid Juselius Foundation, Tampere Tuberculosis Foundation, Emil Aaltonen Foundation, Yrjö Jahnsson Foundation, Signe and Ane Gyllenberg Foundation, Jenny and Antti Wihuri Foundation, Diabetes Research Foundation of the Finnish Diabetes Association, EU Horizon 2020, European Research Council, Tampere University Hospital Supporting Foundation, Finnish Society of Clinical Chemistry, the Jane and Aatos Erkko Foundation, and the Finnish Brain Foundation.

Indexed as

BiomarkersNeurodegenerative DiseasesAdultAgedAged, 80 and overAmyloid beta-PeptidesCohort StudiesFemaleFinlandGlial Fibrillary Acidic ProteinHumansMaleMiddle AgedNeurofilament ProteinsPeptide Fragmentstau ProteinsAmyloid beta-PeptidesBiomarkersGFAP protein, humanGlial Fibrillary Acidic ProteinMAPT protein, humanneurofilament protein LNeurofilament ProteinsPeptide Fragmentstau Proteins

Identifiers

PMID40645733
PMCPMC12242518

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.