ArticleScientific reports2025
Rising temperatures contribute to West Nile virus diversification and increased transmission potential.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Triacylglycerol metabolism is a novel target to combat West Nile virus infection.Emerging microbes & infections · 2026Article
- Mosquito infection-mediated trait variation alters temperature-dependent transmission of West Nile virus.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Review of mosquitoes in Ireland and of relevant mosquito-borne pathogens.Irish veterinary journal · 2026Review
- Opportunities and Challenges of mRNA and VLP Technologies for Pan-Flavivirus Vaccine Development: Focus on Conserved Quaternary Epitope Conformations.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- West Nile virus unmasked: from gene variability to future challenges.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Powassan Virus Encephalitis in an Immunocompromised Patient: A Diagnostic Challenge With Case Report and Literature Review.Case reports in infectious diseases · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV), the most common mosquito-borne disease in the continental United States, is vectored by Culex spp. mosquitoes. Since its introduction to New York State (NYS) in 1999, WNV has become endemic. NYS temperatures have risen by 0.14 °C per decade since 1900, with larger increases linked to increased WNV transmission. In this study, we asked if increases in temperature in NYS influence virus diversification and adaptation, leading to shifts in thermal sensitivity. More specifically, do contemporary WNV strains have increased transmission potential at higher temperatures compared to historic strains? Using surveillance and sequencing data of WNV isolated from mosquitoes in NYS, we found a significant correlation between rising temperatures, increased WNV genetic diversity, and higher prevalence. We then analyzed genetically distinct WNV strains from mosquitoes collected during recent warm summers (2017 and 2018) and cooler historic summers (2003 and 2004). Assessing Culex pipiens dissemination efficiency and calculating the relative R₀ at 20 °C, 24 °C, and 28 °C, we found that contemporary strains exhibit higher transmission potential at increased temperatures. Our results show that contemporary WNV strains possess greater phenotypic and genotypic diversity, suggesting that climate warming in concert with viral adaptation may facilitate the emergence of strains with enhanced transmission potential.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.