Evidence mapPaperPMID 40646552Full record

ArticleJournal of translational medicine2025

Recurrent waning of anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies despite multiple antigen encounters.

Edwards Pradenas, Victor Urrea, Silvia Marfil, Tetyana Pidkova, Carmen Aguilar-Gurrieri, Ferran Abancó, Lourdes Mateu, Anna Chamorro, Eulàlia Grau, Macedonia Trigueros and 5 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of translational medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Extending ImmunoSpotVaccines · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Edwards Pradenas *IrsiCaixa, 08916, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain. epradenas@irsicaixa.es.ORCID 0000-0001-5162-8920
Victor Urrea *IrsiCaixa, 08916, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain.
Silvia MarfilIrsiCaixa, 08916, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain.
Tetyana PidkovaIrsiCaixa, 08916, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain.
Carmen Aguilar-GurrieriIrsiCaixa, 08916, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain.
Ferran AbancóIrsiCaixa, 08916, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain.
Lourdes MateuInfectious Diseases Department, Fight AIDS and Infectious Diseases Foundation (FLI), Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, 08916, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain.
Anna ChamorroInfectious Diseases Department, Fight AIDS and Infectious Diseases Foundation (FLI), Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, 08916, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain.
Eulàlia GrauIrsiCaixa, 08916, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain.
Macedonia TriguerosIrsiCaixa, 08916, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain.
Jorge CarrilloIrsiCaixa, 08916, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain.
Marta MassanellaIrsiCaixa, 08916, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain.
Benjamin TrinitéIrsiCaixa, 08916, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain.
Bonaventura ClotetIrsiCaixa, 08916, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain.
Julià BlancoIrsiCaixa, 08916, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain. jblanco@irsicaixa.es.

Funding

Departament de Salut, Generalitat de Catalunya 2021 SGR 00452Departament de Salut, Generalitat de Catalunya DSL016Instituto de Salud Carlos III PI20/00093Instituto de Salud Carlos III PI23/01269
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies may protect against symptomatic infection in immunized individuals. However, vaccine-induced antibody levels wane over time, reducing vaccine efficacy. The definition of the waning kinetics of neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 responses and the potential impact of sequential antigen encounters are still poorly defined.

methodsPlasma neutralizing activity was determined in longitudinally collected samples from SARS-CoV-2 infected, primo-vaccinated and boosted individuals. Neutralizing activity decay kinetics were modeled against time using Log-Log and biexponential models.

resultsNeutralizing antibody levels wane after an initial peak in all groups of vaccinated individuals with half-life ranging from 29 to 60 days. Exponential models showed a subsequent stabilization of neutralizing titers to a plateau. Both the peak response and the plateau values depended on vaccine type, infection status and severity of infection. Booster immunization by either vaccines or breakthrough infections did not modify peak, plateau or decay rate values.

conclusionsOur results indicate that the waning of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody responses was recurrent even after several antigen encounters. Repeated immunizations would be required to maintain high levels of neutralizing antibodies and protect vulnerable individuals from symptomatic infection.

Indexed as

Antibodies, NeutralizingAntibodies, ViralAntigens, ViralCOVID-19SARS-CoV-2AdultCOVID-19 VaccinesFemaleHumansKineticsMaleMiddle AgedVaccinationAntibodies, NeutralizingAntibodies, ViralAntigens, ViralCOVID-19 VaccinesBoosterBreakthrough infectionCOVID-19Humoral responseHybrid immunityKineticsNeutralizationVaccine

Identifiers

PMID40646552
PMCPMC12247477

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.