ArticleAlzheimer's research & therapy2025
Prognostic value of light reflex pupillometry in Alzheimer's disease - a longitudinal cohort study.
Article in Alzheimer's research & therapy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- The Pupil-Brain System at Rest: Spontaneous Pupil Fluctuations as Markers of Neuromodulatory and Network Dynamics.Psychophysiology · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe pupillary light reflex (PLR) has been indicated as a biomarker in Alzheimer’s disease and may be suitable for easy prognostication. We sought to evaluate the prognostic potential of quantitative light reflex pupillometry (qLRP) in early AD.
methodsAt baseline, 3-months, 12-months and at 18/24-months follow-up (FU), we carried out qLRP with a hand-held pupillometer (PLR-3000, NeurOptics®). We assessed clinically evaluated progression, Mini Mental-State Examination (MMSE), visual progression on [18F]FDG-PET and Clinical Dementia Rating Sum-of-Boxes (CDR-SoB) at 1-year FU. Logistic and linear regression models were fitted with baseline qLRP and the short-term dynamic qLRP change from baseline visit to 3 months as predictors with adjustment for age and sex. We evaluated logistic regression models by the cross-validated area under the receiver operating curve (AUC).
resultsA decrease in resting pupillary diameter was associated with a higher risk of clinically evaluated progression (odds ratio 4.3, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2–16.9) and predicted this outcome with an associated AUC of 0.65. Less relative pupillary change after light stimulus measured at baseline was associated with cognitive decline on MMSE (β = -5.1, 95% CI: -1.6 – -8.6, p = 0.004) and a decrease in this variable from baseline–3 months could predict visual progression of [18F]FDG-PET (AUC 0.63). There were no significant associations between qLRP and changes in the CDR-SoB, although estimates were in the same direction. DISCUSSION: qLRP holds promise as a prognostic, bedside, digital biomarker in Alzheimer’s disease, possibly reflecting changes in the arousal state as a disease progression marker. Our results await confirmation in larger cohorts.
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