Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40646644›Full record

ReviewDiabetology & metabolic syndrome2025

Network meta-analysis of randomized control trials evaluating the effectiveness of various probiotic formulations in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Abdallah R Allam, Mohamed Basyouni Helal, Mohamed Salah Alhateem, Mohamed Ashraf Shehab, Ahmed Gamal Elshaar, Mohamed Ahmed Saeda, Fatma Magdi Ibrahim, Ahmed Maher Khalil, Abdelrahman Mohamed Mahmoud

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Diabetology & metabolic syndrome, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Abdallah R AllamFaculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Yassin Abdelghaffar Street From Gamal Abdelnaser Street, Shebin Al-Kom, 32511, Menoufia, Egypt. abdallahreda89@med.menofia.edu.eg.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4345-2096
Mohamed Basyouni HelalFaculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Yassin Abdelghaffar Street From Gamal Abdelnaser Street, Shebin Al-Kom, 32511, Menoufia, Egypt.
Mohamed Salah AlhateemFaculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Yassin Abdelghaffar Street From Gamal Abdelnaser Street, Shebin Al-Kom, 32511, Menoufia, Egypt.
Mohamed Ashraf ShehabFaculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Yassin Abdelghaffar Street From Gamal Abdelnaser Street, Shebin Al-Kom, 32511, Menoufia, Egypt.
Ahmed Gamal ElshaarFaculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Yassin Abdelghaffar Street From Gamal Abdelnaser Street, Shebin Al-Kom, 32511, Menoufia, Egypt.
Mohamed Ahmed SaedaFaculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Yassin Abdelghaffar Street From Gamal Abdelnaser Street, Shebin Al-Kom, 32511, Menoufia, Egypt.
Fatma Magdi IbrahimRAK Medical and Health Sciences University, RAK College of Nursing, RAS-Al Khaimah, UAE.
Ahmed Maher KhalilMaxillofacial Department, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, UK.
Abdelrahman Mohamed MahmoudFaculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Yassin Abdelghaffar Street From Gamal Abdelnaser Street, Shebin Al-Kom, 32511, Menoufia, Egypt.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a global health concern with a rising prevalence. Recent studies indicate that the gut microbiota plays a role in the development of T2DM, making probiotics a promising avenue for proper glycemic control. This network meta-analysis aims to comprehensively assess various probiotic therapies in the management of T2DM.

methodsAll published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were identified through searches in PubMed, Cochrane, and Web of Science. Included RCTs were evaluated using the Cochrane risk of bias tool 2. The retrieved data were pooled, where the mean difference (MD) and a 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using the R program version 4.2.1.

resultsA total of 62 RCTs were included, with baseline hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) ranging from 5.71% to 9.5%. Among all interventions, the combination of Bifidobacterium bifidum W23, Bifidobacterium lactis W52, Lactobacillus acidophilus W37, Lactobacillus brevis W63, Lactobacillus casei W56, Lactobacillus salivarius W24, Lactococcus lactis W19, and Lactococcus lactis W58 achieved the greatest reduction in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) [MD = - 73.50; 95% CI: - 113.13 to - 33.86]. The greatest reduction in HbA1c was observed with yogurt containing Lactobacillus acidophilus La5, Bifidobacterium Bb12, and Cucurbita ficifolia [MD = - 1.59; 95% CI: - 3.07 to - 0.12]. For total cholesterol, the top-performing intervention was yeast containing Saccharomyces cerevisiae [MD = - 43.67; 95% CI: - 57.07 to - 30.27].

conclusionOur network meta-analysis suggests that specific probiotic formulations, including combinations of various strains of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, yogurt-based formulations containing Lactobacillus acidophilus La5, Bifidobacterium Bb12 with Cucurbita ficifolia, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast, may be beneficial as adjunctive therapies for improving glycemic control and lipid profiles in patients with T2DM. However, these findings should be interpreted with caution due to variability in study designs, probiotic regimens, and potential risk of bias.

Indexed as

Fasting plasma glucoseHemoglobin A1cNetwork meta-analysisProbioticsType 2 diabetes mellitus

Identifiers

PMID40646644
PMCPMC12254980

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.