Evidence mapPaperPMID 40647165Full record

SynthesisNutrients2025

The Impact of Egg Consumption on Gastrointestinal Health: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis.

Nessmah Sultan, Caroline J Tuck, Edellyne Cheng, Nicole J Kellow, Jessica R Biesiekierski

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Nutrients, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Nessmah SultanDepartment of Nutrition, Dietetics & Food, Monash University, Notting Hill, VIC 3168, Australia.ORCID 0000-0003-0527-4214
Caroline J TuckDepartment of Allied Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia.
Edellyne ChengDepartment of Nutrition, Dietetics & Food, Monash University, Notting Hill, VIC 3168, Australia.
Nicole J KellowDepartment of Nutrition, Dietetics & Food, Monash University, Notting Hill, VIC 3168, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-4511-7259
Jessica R BiesiekierskiDepartment of Nutrition, Dietetics & Food, Monash University, Notting Hill, VIC 3168, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-6175-6325

Funding

Australian Eggs GROW005National Health and Medical Research Council APP2025943
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveEggs are a valuable source of nutrients and bioactive compounds that may influence the gastrointestinal tract by modulating the microbiome, promoting the production of gastrointestinal-related metabolites, and mediating inflammation. Limited human studies have explored the effects of whole egg intake on indices of gastrointestinal health. This systematic literature review aimed to synthesise research investigating the impact of whole egg consumption on markers of gastrointestinal health.

methodsFive databases were searched from inception until July 2024. Studies were included if they examined the link between whole egg consumption and gastrointestinal markers, including symptoms, gut microbiome composition, inflammation, colonic fermentation, and egg-derived metabolites such as trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) in healthy adults. Two reviewers independently conducted title and abstract and full-text screening, with conflicts resolved by a third reviewer. Similarly, two authors conducted data extraction, which was verified by a third. A risk of bias assessment was conducted using validated tools. Random effects meta-analyses were performed to summarise the effect of egg consumption on TMAO, choline, and C-reactive protein (CRP).

resultsTwenty-two studies were included in a narrative synthesis and ten in the meta-analyses. Nine were randomised controlled trials (RCTs), three were non-randomised intervention trials, eight were cross-sectional, and two were prospective cohort studies. Meta-analyses indicated that egg consumption did not impact plasma TMAO

conclusionsThis review found conflicting results regarding egg consumption and most gastrointestinal outcomes, highlighting that future studies are needed to explore links between habitual egg intake and plasma TMAO, microbial diversity, and inflammation (PROSPERO registration: 408532).

Indexed as

DietEggsGastrointestinal MicrobiomeGastrointestinal TractAdultBiomarkersCholineC-Reactive ProteinFemaleHumansMaleMethylaminesBiomarkersCholineC-Reactive ProteinMethylaminestrimethyloxamineeggsgastrointestinalinflammationmicrobiomeTMAO

Identifiers

PMID40647165
PMCPMC12250686

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.