Exploring Experimental Models of Colorectal Cancer: A Critical Appraisal from 2D Cell Systems to Organoids, Humanized Mouse Avatars, Organ-on-Chip, CRISPR Engineering, and AI-Driven Platforms-Challenges and Opportunities for Translational Precision Oncology.

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

Who cites it

21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

1. Unveiling the Anticancer Potential of Urolithin A in Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review.Oncology research · 2026
   Pooled it
2. Lidocaine enhances antitumor effects of sorafenib and GW5074 in colorectal cancer cells.Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry · 2026
   Article
3. Spatial architecture and dynamic surveillance: 3D bioprinting and microfluidics converge to overcome digestive malignancies.Hepatobiliary surgery and nutrition · 2026
   Article
4. Aucubin inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition and angiogenesis in colorectal cancer via the HDAC6/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026
   Article
5. Innovative approaches in the treatment of hematologic malignancies: the role of CRISPR-engineered microbiomes along the gut-immune axis in immunotherapy development.Cancer cell international · 2026
   Review
6. Beyond the mouse: 3R-guided alternative animal models transforming cancer research.Molecular cancer · 2026
   Review
7. Stem Cell-Derived Organoids for Cancer Therapy: Precision Medicine and Drug Selection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026
   Review
8. Molecular Oncodiagnostics in Precision Oncology: Integrating Tumor Transcriptomics, Patient Pharmacogenetics, and Ex Vivo Chemoresistance Testing to Improve Individual Chemotherapy Response.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026
   Review
9. Roburic Acid as a Therapeutic Candidate: Antiproliferative Activity and Secondary Cell Death Response in Colorectal Cancer Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026
   Article
10. Organoid-based systems for biomedical innovation: advances in disease modeling, drug screening, and precision medicine.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026
    Review
11. Smart Nanoformulations for Oncology: A Review on Overcoming Biological Barriers with Active Targeting, Stimuli-Responsive, and Controlled Release for Effective Drug Delivery.Pharmaceutics · 2026
    Review
12. An Integrative Roadmap for Advancing Colorectal Cancer Organoid.Biomedicines · 2026
    Article
13. Establishment of Patient-Derived Organoids from Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Preliminary Data on Yield, Histopathological Concordance, and Methodological Challenges.Cells · 2026
    Article
14. Nanomedicine-Based Therapeutic Approaches in Colorectal Cancer Using Patient-Derived Xenograft Models: Prospects and Challenges.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026
    Review
15. AI-powered in silico twins: redefining precision medicine through simulation, personalization, and predictive healthcare.Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2025
    Review
16. Emerging Technologies for Exploring the Cellular Mechanisms in Vascular Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Review
17. Oncolytic Virotherapy in Colorectal Cancer: Mechanistic Insights, Enhancer Strategies, and Translational Combinations.Cells · 2025
    Review
18. High-Throughput 3D Bioprinted Organoids of Skin Cancer Utilized for Diagnosis and Personalized Therapy.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2025
    Review
19. The Endocannabinoid-Microbiota-Neuroimmune Super-System: A Unifying Feedback Architecture for Systems Resilience, Collapse Trajectories, and Precision Feedback Medicine.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Review
20. Epigallocatechin Gallate as a Molecular Therapeutic in Heart Failure and Cardio-Oncology: Mechanistic Pathways and Translational Perspectives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Review

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

Abstract

PubMed holds no abstract for this paper.

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