Evidence mapPaperPMID 40648649Full record

ReviewHealthcare (Basel, Switzerland)2025

Advancing Cardiovascular Risk Stratification and Functional Assessment: A Narrative Review of CPET and ESE Applications.

Valerio Di Fiore, Lavinia Del Punta, Nicolò De Biase, Stefano Masi, Stefano Taddei, Javier Rosada, Michele Emdin, Claudio Passino, Iacopo Fabiani, Nicola Riccardo Pugliese

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Valerio Di FioreDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
Lavinia Del PuntaDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
Nicolò De BiaseDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
Stefano MasiDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56124 Pisa, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-7591-3686
Stefano TaddeiDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
Javier RosadaFourth Unit of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-9437-3478
Michele EmdinDivision of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio-FTGM, 56122 Pisa, Italy.
Claudio PassinoDivision of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio-FTGM, 56122 Pisa, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-0723-4753
Iacopo FabianiDivision of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio-FTGM, 56122 Pisa, Italy.
Nicola Riccardo PuglieseDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56124 Pisa, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-5473-227X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cardiopulmonary exercise testing combined with exercise stress Echocardiography (CPET-ESE) is an advanced diagnostic modality for evaluating cardiovascular disease and tailoring patient-specific treatment strategies. By integrating metabolic, ventilatory, and hemodynamic data with real-time imaging, CPET-ESE offers a comprehensive assessment of cardiovascular function under physiological stress. CPET provides detailed insights into metabolic and ventilatory performance, while ESE allows for the dynamic visualisation of cardiac structure and function during exercise. This review outlines the physiological foundations and core parameters of CPET and ESE, emphasising their complementary roles in cardiovascular diagnostics and prognostication and exploring their clinical value for evaluating unexplained dyspnoea and exercise-induced hemodynamic abnormalities. CPET-ESE plays a pivotal role in detecting subtle hemodynamic abnormalities, assessing functional capacity, and contributing to earlier diagnosis, targeted interventions, and improved clinical outcomes.

Indexed as

cardiopulmonary exercise testingexercise hemodynamicsexercise stress echocardiography

Identifiers

PMID40648649
PMCPMC12249865

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.