ArticleJournal of clinical medicine2025
Quo Vadis Temporomandibular Disorders? By 2050, the Global Prevalence of TMD May Approach 44.
Article in Journal of clinical medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Morphological and mechanical properties of masticatory muscles in patients with temporomandibular disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC oral health · 2026Pooled it
- Association between khat chewing and temporomandibular disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.BMC oral health · 2026Pooled it
- Effectiveness of Low-Level Laser Auriculotherapy in the Treatment of Myogenic Temporomandibular Disorders and Anxiety: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Trial
- Effectiveness of mobile oral health intervention on orthodontic patients' oral hygiene and oral health literacy: a randomised controlled clinical trial.BMC oral health · 2025Trial
- Bruxism and Temporomandibular Disorders: Current Advances and Future Challenges.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Association Between Gastroesophageal Reflux Symptoms and Temporomandibular Disorders in Healthcare Professionals: The Role of Shift Work, Oral Parafunctions, and Psychological Distress.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Exploration of the Association Between Anterior Disc Displacement Without Reduction and Electromyographic Activity of Masseter Muscle Based on Needle Electromyography.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Artificial intelligence-based prognostic modeling in temporomandibular disorders and chronic orofacial pain: a critical conceptual review.Journal of oral & facial pain and headache · 2026Review
- Self-Reported Temporomandibular Disorder Symptoms and Related Knowledge Among Polish Opera Singers.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Temporomandibular Disorder-like Pain in Parkinson's Disease Is Associated with Motor Symptom Severity and Disability Levels.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Observational
- Association Between Psychological Factors and Masticatory Muscle Thickness Assessed by Ultrasonography in Female Dental Students with TMD-Related Myalgia: A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Quantitative Assessment of Masticatory Function in Patients with Temporomandibular Joint Arthralgia: A Pilot Clinical Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Postural habits & awareness and its relationship to pain, functionality, cervical muscle endurance & position sense in temporomandibular joint disorders.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Bioelectrical Activity of Masticatory Muscles and Postural Stability Across TMD Subtypes.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Perceptions of Individuals/Patients with Temporomandibular Disorders About Their Diagnosis, Information Seeking and Treatment Expectations: A Comparative Qualitative Study of Brazilian and Spanish Individuals.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- A Clinical Decision-Making Algorithm for Botulinum Toxin Use in Temporomandibular Disorders and Bruxism.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Neurorehabilitation-Based Movement Representation Techniques in the Management of Craniocervical and Orofacial Pain: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Targeting p38 MAPK signaling pathway: Quercetin as a novel therapy for TMJ synovitis.International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Article
- The Translational Biology of Temporomandibular Disorder Pain: Mechanisms, Biomarkers, and Therapeutic Perspectives.Journal of pain research · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/
objectivesCurrently, temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) represent a significant public health concern, affecting approximately 34% of the global population. The primary aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of TMDs in the year 2050. A secondary objective was to estimate the prevalence for the years 2030, 2075, and 2100.
methodsThe methodology of a prognostic study was replicated and adapted to develop prevalence projections for TMDs, utilising the most recent meta-analysis of the global prevalence of temporomandibular disorders and analyses conducted within the R environment.
resultsProjections indicate a gradual increase in the global prevalence of TMDs over the coming decades. In 2030, the estimated prevalence is 39% (95% confidence interval: 34-44%). This figure is expected to rise to 41% [36-46%] by 2040 and reach 44% [39-49%] by 2050. The upward trend continues, with projections suggesting a prevalence of 47% [42-52%] in 2075 and 49% [44-54%] by 2100. These data highlight a steadily increasing global burden of TMDs.
conclusionsBy the year 2050, the global prevalence of TMDs is projected to reach 44%, which, according to estimates, corresponds to approximately 4,252,160,000 individuals. By 2030, 39% of the population is projected to experience TMDs. By 2075, the global TMD prevalence is expected to rise to 47%, and, by 2100, it could increase further to 49% of the global population. Urbanisation affects TMD prevalence in a region-dependent manner; a significant decrease was observed in Asia, while, in the Americas and Europe, the association was negligible. Globally, the lack of a clear impact of urbanisation on TMD occurrence suggests the influence of environmental and cultural factors.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.