ReviewJournal of clinical medicine2025
Muscle in Endocrinology: From Skeletal Muscle Hormone Regulation to Myokine Secretion and Its Implications in Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases.
Review in Journal of clinical medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed.
- From Continuous-Flow Mechanical Circulatory Support to Heart Transplantation: Hemodynamic, Immunometabolic, and Body Composition Determinants of Rehabilitation Outcomes.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Article
- Modulation of Stress and Anabolic Signalling Pathways by Whey Protein Isolate in C2C12 Cells Under Exercise-Mimetic Conditions.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Potential Influence of Myokines on Skeletal Muscle Tissue Hypertrophy Signaling Pathways: A Narrative Review.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Coordinated Bone-Muscle Axis Association in South China Carp (Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Isolation and Biophysical Characterization of Extracellular Vesicles Released by Myocytes.Bio-protocol · 2026Article
- Irisin as an Associative Marker of Metabolic Dysregulation in Obesity: Comparative Profiling of IL-6, IL-15, IL-1β, and CCL2.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
- From Growth Trajectory to Functional Decline: Age-Contextualized Nutritional Strategies for Muscle Vulnerability. A Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2026Review
- MG53, a Regenerative Myokine Linking Skeletal Muscle to Cardiac Repair.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Circulating Myonectin and Oxytocin Levels in Pediatric Obesity: A Comparative Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Lipedema and Dynapenia: Inflammatory Myosteatosis as a Mechanistic Link Between Tissue Expansion and Muscle Dysfunction.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Article
- Molecular Bases of Myopathies and Their Impact on Clinical Practice: Advances and Future Perspectives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Optimal type and dose of exercise to improve cognitive function in healthy and pre-sarcopenic older adults: a bayesian network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.European review of aging and physical activity : official journal of the European Group for Research into Elderly and Physical Activity · 2026Review
- CD21Frontiers in aging · 2026Article
- Exercise and cold exposure as dual physiological stressors in MASLD: AMPK-mediated metabolic adaptation and interorgan crosstalk.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Review
- From mechanisms to management: a comprehensive review of sarcopenia in gastric cancer.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- The sarcopenia-pain connection: why mechanisms matter for patient care?Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Forging resilient warriors within: exercise's epic role in training innate immunity and taming inflammation's storm.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Skeletal muscle, traditionally recognized for its motor function, has emerged as a key endocrine organ involved in metabolic regulation and interorgan communication. This narrative review addresses the dual role of muscle as a target tissue for classical hormones-such as growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor type 1 (IGF-1), thyroid hormones, and sex steroids-and as a source of myokines, bioactive peptides released in response to muscle contraction that exert autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine effects. Several relevant myokines are discussed, such as irisin and Metrnl-like myokines (Metrnl), which mediate exercise-associated metabolic benefits, including improved insulin sensitivity, induction of thermogenesis in adipose tissue, and immunometabolic modulations. It also examines how muscle endocrine dysfunction, caused by chronic inflammation, hormone resistance, or sedentary lifestyle, contributes to the development and progression of metabolic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and sarcopenia, highlighting the importance of muscle mass in the prognosis of these pathologies. Finally, the therapeutic potential of interventions aimed at preserving or enhancing muscle function-through physical exercise, hormone therapy and anabolic agents-is highlighted, together with the growing research on myokines as biomarkers and pharmacological targets. This review expands the understanding of muscle in endocrinology, proposing an integrative approach that recognizes its central role in metabolic health and its potential to innovate the clinical management of endocrine-metabolic diseases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.