ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2025
Evidence for Pro-Inflammatory Activity of LTα3 on Macrophages: Significance for Experimental Arthritis and for Therapeutic Switching in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Lymphotoxin-alpha (LTα3) is a soluble cytokine of the TNF superfamily. Its role in inflammation and arthritis is not well known. Macrophages are important in K/BxN Serum-Transfer Arthritis (STA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies as well as etanercept (ETA), a soluble TNF receptor II that also neutralizes LTα3, are efficient in the treatment of RA.
objectivesTo evaluate the role of LTα3 in macrophage phenotypes and in arthritis.
methodsMacrophages were cultured in the presence of recombinant LTα3, and their phenotypes were studied. The clinical effect of blocking LTα3 in STA was evaluated, as well as the effect of switching from anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies to etanercept in the "ROC" register of RA patients.
resultsWe showed that recombinant LTα3 was capable of directing mouse and human macrophages towards a pro-inflammatory "M1" phenotype. In K/BxN STA, ETA decreased clinical score and joint swelling. Anti-LTα3 reduced arthritis only in TNF-KO mice, indicating that the effect of LTα3 was visible in the absence of TNF. The "ROC" register indicated that switching anti-TNF mAb to ETA did not induce clinical and biological improvement in RA.
conclusionWe show a pro-inflammatory role for LTα3 in murine and human macrophages. The neutralization of both TNF and LTα3 is not beneficial in the treatment of RA.
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