Evidence mapPaperPMID 40652221Full record

ReviewLipids in health and disease2025

Protein, fiber, and exercise: a narrative review of their roles in weight management and cardiometabolic health.

Liana L Guarneiri, Carol F Kirkpatrick, Kevin C Maki

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Lipids in health and disease, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Liana L GuarneiriMidwest Biomedical Research, 211 East Lake Street, Suite 3, Addison, IL, 60101, USA.
Carol F KirkpatrickMidwest Biomedical Research, 211 East Lake Street, Suite 3, Addison, IL, 60101, USA.
Kevin C MakiMidwest Biomedical Research, 211 East Lake Street, Suite 3, Addison, IL, 60101, USA. kmaki@mbclinicalresearch.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

More than 40% of adults in the United States have obesity, which is an independent risk factor for cardiometabolic dysfunction and several chronic diseases, including atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Interventions for obesity include lifestyle modification, pharmacotherapy, and metabolic surgery. Lifestyle interventions have minimal side effects and are the most economical, yet long-term adherence is poor. Challenges for long-term adherence are related, in part, to metabolic adaptations that occur during weight loss that affect appetite and energy expenditure. However, a lifestyle intervention that involves higher intakes of protein and fiber and increased participation in exercise may help to blunt the increases in hunger and cravings that occur with weight loss while increasing energy expenditure, thus assisting with both weight loss and weight loss maintenance. These changes also promote improved cardiometabolic health, independent of weight loss. This narrative review summarizes the evidence for the roles of increasing protein, fiber, and exercise for weight management and improving the cardiometabolic risk factor profile.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular DiseasesDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Dietary FiberDietary ProteinsExerciseObesityEnergy MetabolismHumansWeight LossDietary FiberDietary ProteinsCardiometabolic riskExerciseFat-free massFiberLipoprotein lipidsPhysical activityProteinWeight lossWeight maintenance

Identifiers

PMID40652221
PMCPMC12255039

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.