ReviewFrontiers in immunology2025
TGF-β inhibitors: the future for prevention and treatment of liver fibrosis?
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed.
- Role of adipocytes and their derived extracellular vesicles in the progression, diagnosis and treatment of liver diseases (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Decoding fibroblast activation: Transcriptional networks in hepatic stellate cells and across fibrotic organs (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Hepatic fibrosis extracellular matrix stiffness induces abnormal maturation of dendritic cell via AMPK inhibition-mediated cholesterol accumulation.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- NPY promotes macrophage polarization and hepatic fibrogenesis via PI3K/MAPK-dependent neuroimmune mechanisms.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2026Article
- Mechanistic Pathways of Wound Healing: From Hemostasis to Scar-Free Regeneration.Cell biochemistry and function · 2026Review
- Article
- Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analysis Reveals That Polystyrene Microplastics Exacerbate Cadmium-Induced Liver Damage in Mice Associated with AMPK-FOXO-Mediated Energy Metabolism Dysregulation.Veterinary sciences · 2026Article
- The role of ECM mechanics in cancer mechanotransduction through unraveling the molecular machinery of integrins, FAK, and YAP signaling.Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2026Review
- Translating Fibrosis to Malignancy: Biomarkers and Therapeutic Opportunities in Liver Fibrosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Anti-Fibrotic and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Hesperidin in an Ex Vivo Mouse Model of Early-Onset Liver Fibrosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- From inflammatory initiation to fibrotic remodeling: mechanisms and precision therapeutic strategies in otorhinolaryngologic involvement of IgG4-related disease.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Single-cell insights into hepatic fibroblasts and stellate cells: heterogeneity in matrix remodelling in development, health, and disease.Npj gut and liver · 2026Review
- Comprehensive analysis of the TGF-β signaling pathway: molecular mechanisms, disease drivers, and frontiers in clinical translation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Preclinical exploration and current clinical applications of immunotherapeutic strategies for hepatocellular carcinoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The Role of Neutrophils in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Mechanisms and Clinical Significance.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Review
- The gene regulatory networks shaping macrophage plasticity and altered function in fibrosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Systemic TGF-β1 reduction contributes to neuronal GLUT4 trafficking impairment in acute hepatic encephalopathy.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2026Article
- Integrative Transcriptomics Across Etiologies Reveals Common and Disease-Specific Fibrogenic Signatures in Liver Fibrosis.Canadian journal of gastroenterology & hepatology · 2026Article
- Hepatoprotection by Naringin Nanoliposomes Against Nickel Toxicity Involves Antioxidant Reinforcement and Modulation of Nrf2, NF-κB, PI3K/mTOR, JAK/STAT, and Apoptotic Pathways.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Advances in JNK inhibitor development: therapeutic prospects in neurodegenerative diseases and fibrosis.Archives of pharmacal research · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a core pathological process in the progression of chronic liver diseases to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, characterized by abnormal deposition of extracellular matrix. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), through classical small mothers against decapentaplegic (Smad)-dependent and non-Smad-dependent pathways, activates hepatic stellate cells to transdifferentiate into myofibroblasts, promotes extracellular matrix synthesis, and regulates immunity, serving as a key driver of fibrogenesis. This review systematically summarizes the role of TGF-β in liver fibrosis and details the research progress of TGF-β-targeted inhibitors. Studies show that TGF-β neutralizing antibodies, small molecule receptor antagonists, small molecule signaling inhibitors, and natural compounds and extracts significantly improve experimental liver fibrosis by inhibiting Smad or non-Smad pathways. In clinical trials, drugs such as Pirfenidone and Hydronidone have demonstrated potential for fibrosis reversal in patients with chronic hepatitis. Although TGF-β-targeted therapy has made breakthroughs in basic research and clinical translation, future studies need to focus on multi-target drug design, personalized treatment regimens, and novel delivery systems to accelerate the transition from preclinical research to clinical application, providing innovative therapeutic strategies for liver fibrosis and related liver diseases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.