ArticleCardiovascular diagnosis and therapy2025
Association between the cardiometabolic index and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in diabetes and prediabetes.
Article in Cardiovascular diagnosis and therapy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Cardiometabolic index is associated with hypertension among US older adults: An analysis of NHANES 2011-2018.Medicine · 2026Article
- Association of atherogenic index of plasma and cardiometabolic index with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease in NAFLD patients: NHANES 1999-2018.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2026Article
- Head-to-head comparison of the ability of the cardiometabolic index and triglyceride-glucose index to predict 3-year major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with atrial fibrillation: insights from a community cohort.Lipids in health and disease · 2026Article
- The Natural History of Prediabetes and Cardiovascular Disease in the Pediatric Population.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Glycaemic Status Modifies the Association Between Cardiometabolic Index and Cardio-Kidney Outcomes: A Multi-Cohort Analysis.Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews · 2026Article
- Cardiometabolic index as a predictor of major adverse cardiovascular events in atrial fibrillation: insights from a community-based cohort.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
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Abstract
Background: The association between the cardiometabolic index (CMI) and mortality in individuals with diabetes or prediabetes remains unclear. This study sought to explore the association between the baseline CMI and all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in United States (U.S.) adults with diabetes or prediabetes. Methods: This cohort study examined the data of 17,992 individuals, aged 18 years and older, with diabetes and prediabetes, who had participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES; 2003-2018). Kaplan-Meier curve, Cox proportional hazards model, and restricted cubic spline (RCS) curve analyses were conducted to explore the relationship between the CMI and all-cause mortality and CVD mortality. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were conducted to check the robustness of the main findings. Results: During 137,687 person-years of follow-up (median: 7.4 years), a total of 2,718 all-cause deaths and 891 CVD-related deaths were recorded. In the multivariate adjusted models, the CMI was positively associated with the risk of all-cause mortality and CVD mortality. Specifically, the hazard ratio (HR) estimates for all-cause death and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the low to high CMI quartiles were 1.00 (reference), 1.056 (0.875-1.274), 1.156 (0.912-1.464), and 1.42 (1.080-1.867), respectively. While the CVD mortality HRs were 1.00 (reference), 1.041 (0.768-1.41), 1.077 (0.771-1.503), and 1.29 (0.836-1.99), respectively. The RCS analysis showed that the baseline CMI was approximately U-shaped in relation to all-cause mortality (P Conclusions: The CMI demonstrated predictive value for the risk of all-cause mortality and CVD mortality among U.S. participants with prediabetes and diabetes. The relationship between the CMI and long-term mortality exhibited an approximately U-shaped pattern, highlighting its potential as a robust indicator for mortality risk stratification in this population.
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