Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40656953›Full record

Observational studyPeerJ2025

Potentially inappropriate medication and its associated factors in older people living in nursing homes: a cross-sectional study.

Ester Goutan-Roura, Geovanna O Carneiro, Francisca S M Moreira, Montse Masó-Aguado, Pau Moreno-Martin, Eduard Minobes-Molina, Dawn A Skelton, Javier Jerez-Roig

Abstract readObservational StudyMulticenter Study
In one paragraph

Observational study in PeerJ, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Ester Goutan-Roura *Institute for Research and Innovation in Life Sciences and Health in Central Catalonia (IRIS-CC), Vic, Spain.
Geovanna O Carneiro *Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.
Francisca S M MoreiraDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.
Montse Masó-AguadoInstitute for Research and Innovation in Life Sciences and Health in Central Catalonia (IRIS-CC), Vic, Spain.
Pau Moreno-MartinInstitute for Research and Innovation in Life Sciences and Health in Central Catalonia (IRIS-CC), Vic, Spain.
Eduard Minobes-MolinaInstitute for Research and Innovation in Life Sciences and Health in Central Catalonia (IRIS-CC), Vic, Spain.
Dawn A SkeltonResearch Centre for Health (ReaCH), School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Javier Jerez-RoigInstitute for Research and Innovation in Life Sciences and Health in Central Catalonia (IRIS-CC), Vic, Spain.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Institutionalized residents tend to use more drugs and in larger doses. Potentially inappropriate medications (PIM) use is highly prevalent among them. In addition, they are more likely to be prescribed multiple medications (polypharmacy). Moreover, many drugs considered PIM have increased anticholinergic burden (ACB), responsible for adverse drug events (ADE). Objective: Identifying PIM, polypharmacy and ACB among older people's prescriptions as well as their associated factors. Methods: Cross-sectional observational multicentre study. Drug information was collected from the nursing homes, medical registers. PIM exposure was assessed using Beers Criteria 2023. ACB was calculated using the Anticholinergic Risk Scale. Other sociodemographic, as well as health-related data were also collected. Results: 130 residents (83.8% women) mean age 85.1 (±7.4). Over 80% (111) of residents have prescriptions including at least one PIM. Polypharmacy (≥5 drugs) occurred in 69.1% (94), while extensive polypharmacy (≥10 drugs) occurred in 18.4% (25). The most prevalent PIMs were benzodiazepines (57.3%; 73), antipsychotics (48.5%; 66) and proton pump inhibitors (39.7%; 54). Regarding ACB, 63.1% (82) of the residents have prescriptions including at least one anticholinergic drug. In the multivariate analysis, ACB ( Conclusions: The prevalence of PIM, polypharmacy and ACB was very high (84%, 69%, and 63% respectively) in this sample of nursing home residents. ACB and polypharmacy were significantly associated with PIM. Anticholinergic drugs should be carefully assessed and gradually withdrawn when not needed. Balancing treatment with other biopsychosocial interventions may contribute to reducing polypharmacy.

Indexed as

Inappropriate PrescribingNursing HomesPotentially Inappropriate Medication ListAgedAged, 80 and overCholinergic AntagonistsCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMalePolypharmacyRisk FactorsCholinergic AntagonistsAnticholinergic burdenInappropriate medicationsNursing homesPolypharmacy

Identifiers

PMID40656953
PMCPMC12248223

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.