Observational studyPeerJ2025
Potentially inappropriate medication and its associated factors in older people living in nursing homes: a cross-sectional study.
Observational study in PeerJ, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Advanced Drug Delivery Strategies in Geriatric Patients with Polypharmacy: Integrating Pharmacokinetics, Personalized Medicine, and Emerging Technologies.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Anticholinergic Burden in Elderly People in Nursing Homes: Cross-Sectional Assessment Using ACB Calculator and CRIDECO Anticholinergic Load Scale.Medicines (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Institutionalized residents tend to use more drugs and in larger doses. Potentially inappropriate medications (PIM) use is highly prevalent among them. In addition, they are more likely to be prescribed multiple medications (polypharmacy). Moreover, many drugs considered PIM have increased anticholinergic burden (ACB), responsible for adverse drug events (ADE). Objective: Identifying PIM, polypharmacy and ACB among older people's prescriptions as well as their associated factors. Methods: Cross-sectional observational multicentre study. Drug information was collected from the nursing homes, medical registers. PIM exposure was assessed using Beers Criteria 2023. ACB was calculated using the Anticholinergic Risk Scale. Other sociodemographic, as well as health-related data were also collected. Results: 130 residents (83.8% women) mean age 85.1 (±7.4). Over 80% (111) of residents have prescriptions including at least one PIM. Polypharmacy (≥5 drugs) occurred in 69.1% (94), while extensive polypharmacy (≥10 drugs) occurred in 18.4% (25). The most prevalent PIMs were benzodiazepines (57.3%; 73), antipsychotics (48.5%; 66) and proton pump inhibitors (39.7%; 54). Regarding ACB, 63.1% (82) of the residents have prescriptions including at least one anticholinergic drug. In the multivariate analysis, ACB ( Conclusions: The prevalence of PIM, polypharmacy and ACB was very high (84%, 69%, and 63% respectively) in this sample of nursing home residents. ACB and polypharmacy were significantly associated with PIM. Anticholinergic drugs should be carefully assessed and gradually withdrawn when not needed. Balancing treatment with other biopsychosocial interventions may contribute to reducing polypharmacy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.