Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40658197›Full record

ArticleGraefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie2025

Evaluating serum biomarkers in keratoconus: the role of PCPE-1 and PCPE-2 in collagen metabolism and disease progression.

Zehra Güven Sağlam, Mustafa Yildirim, Esra Laloğlu

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In one paragraph

Article in Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. PCPE1 and PCPE2: When Sequence Similarity Masks Functional Diversity.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2026
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Zehra Güven SağlamDeparment of Ophthalmolgy, Ağrı Education and Research Hospital, Ağrı, Turkey.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0002-5712-1076
Mustafa YildirimDepartment of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey. mustafa.yildirim@atauni.edu.tr.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2706-3592
Esra LaloğluDeparment of Biochemistry, Ataturk University School of Medicine, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey.

Funding

Atatürk Üniversitesi TTU-2024-13976
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeThis study aimed to compare the levels of procollagen C proteinase-enhancing protein 1 and Procollagen C Proteinase Enhancing Protein 2 (PCPE-1/PCPE-2) in the serum of patients with keratoconus and healthy individuals, and to evaluate their potential effects on keratoconus.

methodsThis study prospectively included 65 patients diagnosed with keratoconus and followed up between October 2023 and May 2024, and 65 healthy individuals. 65 patients diagnosed with keratoconus were examined in the four groups. Serum PCEP-1 and PCEP-2 levels were measured in venous blood samples from the patient and control groups using ELISA.

resultsA total of 130 patients were included in the study and divided into two groups: patients (n = 65) and controls (n = 65). The PCPE1 levels were 8.89 ± 4.45 (median: 7.38) in the patient group and 16.91 ± 11.30 (median: 13.18) in the control group, with a statistically significant difference (p = 0.001). In the patient group, PCPE2 levels were 10.32 ± 8.01 (median: 6.75), whereas in the control group, they were 19.62 ± 13.81 (median: 13.96), with this difference being statistically significant (p = 0.001). A significant positive correlation was observed between PCPE1 and PCPE2 expression in the patient group (r = 0.768, p = 0.001). Significant differences were detected between the stages in terms of PCPE1 (p = 0.001) and PCPE2 (p = 0.001) levels.

conclusionsSerum PCPE-1 and PCPE-2 levels were significantly decreased in keratoconus and correlated with disease stage, indicating their potential as systemic biomarkers of collagen remodeling and disease progression. KEY MESSAGES: What is known Keratoconus is an idiopathic, non-inflammatory, and progressive ectatic disease characterized by an irregular conical shape and thinning of the central and peripheral parts of the cornea. The extracellular matrix (ECM) of the cornea is particularly rich in collagen, and the synthesis of these components follows a specific program during corneal development and maturation. What is new PCPE-1 plays an important role in collagen fibril formation and tissue repair. PCPE-2 has a strong collagen-binding capacity and is highly expressed in developmental tissues and the adult heart. Dysfunction in the balance of corneal collagen synthesis and extracellular matrix formation in keratoconus indicates that these molecules may play an active role in corneal pathology.

Indexed as

CollagenCorneaKeratoconusAdolescentAdultBiomarkersCorneal TopographyDisease ProgressionEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansMaleProspective StudiesYoung AdultBiomarkersCollagenKeratoconusPCPE1PCPE2

Identifiers

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.