ArticleScientific reports2025
Effect of altitude on the spatiotemporal signal characteristics of inversion face recognition.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
High-altitude environments, can significantly impact cognitive functions, yet the neural mechanisms underlying altitude-induced changes in face recognition remain largely unexplored. This study aimed to examine the impact of high-altitude hypoxia on face recognition processes, with a specific focus on the modulation of the face inversion effect in event-related potentials across different altitude levels. A total of 120 participants were recruited and divided into four groups based on altitude: 347 m (low-altitude control), 2950 m, 3680 m, and 4530 m (high-altitude groups), with 30 participants in each group. Electroencephalography (EEG) was used to record brain activity, and event-related potentials components (P1 and N170) were analyzed to assess the effects of altitude on face processing, particularly regarding the face inversion effect. A significant altitude-dependent reduction in P1 amplitude was observed, with the 3680 m and 4530 m groups showing significantly lower amplitudes compared to the 347 m group (p < 0.05), and inverted faces elicited greater P1 amplitudes than upright faces (p = 0.035). N170 amplitude was significantly more negative for inverted faces compared to upright faces (p < 0.001), while the 4530 m group exhibited earlier N170 latencies than the other altitude groups (p < 0.05), suggesting possible neural adaptation to chronic hypoxia. The sLORETA results revealed progressive temporal lobe reorganization: the 4530 m group exhibited enhanced activation in superior temporal gyrus during inverted face processing, contrasting with diminished responses at moderate altitudes (3680 m). These findings provide neurophysiological evidence that high-altitude hypoxia significantly modulates face recognition processes, particularly the face inversion effect. The observed altitude-dependent alterations in ERP components suggest that hypoxia impacts both early sensory encoding (P1) and higher-order configural processing (N170).
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