ArticleAlzheimer's research & therapy2025
Combined effects of physical activity, cognitive activity, and dietary patterns on cognitive impairment in older adults with consideration of APOE genotype: a cohort study.
Article in Alzheimer's research & therapy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Midlife physical activity and late-life subjective cognitive complaints in women.The Gerontologist · 2026Article
- The impact of 24-h activity patterns on executive function in older adults with chronic diseases: analysis of the isotonic substitution effect.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- APOE-ε4 moderates the association between diet quality and executive function in middle-aged women at increased risk for Alzheimer's disease.Journal of nutritional science · 2026Article
- Nutritional and physical pathways from feeding difficulty to sarcopenia in Alzheimer's dementia.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThis study aims to evaluate the combination effects of physical activity (PA), cognitive activity (CA), and dietary patterns impacts cognitive impairment among older adults, and whether these associations differ by apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype.
methodsA total of 18,909 adults aged 65 years or older at baseline were enrolled from 1998 to 2014 years. PA and CA was assessed using scores that reflected participation in various activities, and a total activity (TA) score was calculated as the sum of PA and CA scores. Diet quality was assessed with the SHE-index. Participants were categorized into lifestyle groups based on combinations of activity levels and SHE-index. The APOE genotype was categorized as APOEε4 carriers versus non-carriers. Cognitive function was evaluated using the Mini-Mental State Examination at baseline and follow-up. Adjusted Cox proportional hazards models was used to estimate the association and interaction between lifestyle and APOE genotype on the risk of cognitive impairment.
resultsDuring a mean follow-up time of 5.27 ± 3.67 years, 5713 participants developed cognitive impairment. Participants with higher levels of TA, PA, or CA, combined with a healthy diet, consistently exhibited the lowest risk of cognitive impairment, with hazard ratios (HR) of 0.65 [95% confidence intervals (CIs): 0.60-0.71] for TA, 0.72 (95% CI: 0.66-0.78) for PA, and 0.73 (95% CI: 0.67-0.79) for CA. This protective effect remained consistent across APOEε4 genotype groups, with HRs ranging from 0.54 to 0.67 in carriers and 0.63 to 0.69 in non-carriers for higher TA, PA, or CA combined with a healthy diet. In addition, participants engaging in high PA, high CA, and a healthy diet simultaneously showed the greatest protection against cognitive impairment, with HRs of 0.46 (95% CI: 0.28-0.76) in APOEε4 carriers and 0.47 (95% CI: 0.37-0.58) in non-carriers.
conclusionsThe greatest decrease in cognitive impairment was observed among older Chinese adults adhering to both high activity levels and healthy diet, The protective effect was even stronger when high physical activity, high cognitive activity, and a healthy diet were maintained simultaneously, and this trend was consistent regardless of APOEε4 status.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.