Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40662239›Full record

ArticleJournal of intellectual disability research : JIDR2025

The Mental Health and Well-Being of Adults With Intellectual Disabilities During the COVID-19 Pandemic Across the UK: A Four-Wave Longitudinal Analysis.

Amanda Gillooly, Paul Thompson, Jill Bradshaw, Sue Caton, Chris Hatton, Andrew Jahoda, Rosemary Kelly, Roseann Maguire, Edward Oloidi, Laurence Taggart and 3 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDR, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Amanda GilloolySchool of Mental Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-7450-109X
Paul ThompsonIntellectual Disabilities Research Institute, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
Jill BradshawIntellectual Disabilities Research Institute, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-0379-8877
Sue CatonDepartment of Social Care and Social Work, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK.
Chris HattonDepartment of Social Care and Social Work, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-8781-8486
Andrew JahodaSchool of Mental Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-3985-6098
Rosemary KellySchool of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
Roseann MaguireSchool of Mental Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
Edward OloidiFaculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, UK.
Laurence TaggartSchool of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
Stuart ToddFaculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-1640-2111
Coronavirus and People With Learning Disabilities Study Team
Richard P HastingsIntellectual Disabilities Research Institute, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-0495-8270

Funding

Department for Health and Social Care (National Institute for Health Research) (NIHR) NIHR204404UK Research and Innovation (Medical Research Council) (UKRI-MRC) COV0196
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundResearch concerning the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health and well-being of adults with intellectual disabilities has been cross-sectional and small scale. We examined the trajectory of mental health and well-being across the pandemic period across the UK and the factors which predicted different mental health trajectories.

methodAdults with intellectual disabilities participated in co-designed structured interviews. Four waves of data were collected between December 2020 and late 2022. At Wave 1, 621 adults with intellectual disabilities participated, with 355 at Wave 4. Well-being, pandemic anxiety, depression, anxiety, anger and loneliness outcomes were measured. Latent class mixed modelling was used to identify subgroups and within-group trajectories.

resultsWell-being and pandemic anxiety remained relatively stable across time, but levels of anger, depression, anxiety and loneliness reduced gradually over time. Overall patterns masked trajectory subgroups, with differences in intercept and steepness of decline or increase in mental health problems. Different factors were generally influential for trajectory class membership and overall change across time for outcomes. Leaving the house for exercise or green spaces reported increasing well-being and reduced loneliness. Similarly, those working, volunteering or in education at Wave 1 were found to have increasing well-being and reduced loneliness, sadness and worry, and increasing wellbeing and reducing anger if they were working pre-pandemic.

conclusionsSocial connection and engagement in purposeful activity were vital to maintaining the mental health and well-being of people with intellectual disabilities. Factors that were found to reduce mental well-being during the pandemic should be considered in planning for future major public health challenges and in promoting better mental well-being for people with intellectual disabilities in everyday life.

Indexed as

AnxietyCOVID-19DepressionIntellectual DisabilityLonelinessMental HealthAdultAgedAngerFemaleHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleMiddle AgedUnited KingdomYoung AdultCOVID‐19growth modelsintellectual disabilitymental healthwell‐being

Identifiers

PMID40662239
PMCPMC12576364

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.