Trial reportEuropean journal of applied physiology2026
Training in hot water immersion improved exercise performance in hot and humid conditions in recreational athletes - a randomized controlled trial.
Trial report in European journal of applied physiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05727774 (Effect of Hot Versus Neutral Water for Heat Acclimatation and Sport Performance During a Water Biking Training Protocol), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effect of Hot Versus Neutral Water for Heat Acclimatation and Sport Performance During a Water Biking Training Protocol : Controlled Randomised Study
Who cites it
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectiveHeat acclimation is a common strategy for athlete preparing to compete in the heat. It is generally obtained by exercising in a hot environment, (e.g. environmental chambers) but passive exposure to hot water has also been shown to induce acclimation. Thus, combining exercise in hot water could be an innovative method to enhance performance in hot environments.
methodsIn this prospective randomized controlled trial, two groups of 12 participants (22 males/2 females) underwent 10 aerobic training sessions on an underwater bike in either hot (35 °C-hot water acclimation, HWA) or temperate (25 °C, control, CON) water. Two to three days before and after intervention participants performed a 30-min time trial, in a hot and humid environment (T°: 38.4 ± 1.4 °C, Relative Humidity: 45.3 ± 6.9%), as well as a cardiac echography, a blood analysis and a cardiopulmonary exercise test (V̇O
resultsThe distance covered during the time trial in the heat increased depending on group (p = 0.024) with an increase of 1.1[+ 0.7, + 1.4]km in HWA (p < .001) and 0.5[+ 0.1, + 0.8]km in CON (p = 0.009). As well as power output (p = 0.096) improved more in the HWA vs. CON group (+ 27W in HWA and + 13W in CON). However, no difference between groups was observed regarding changes in physiological parameters during the time trial in the heat (core and skin temperature, sweat rate) or across the tests and measures in temperate environments (plasma volume, heart rate, V̇O
conclusionExercise on a bike in hot water improves performance in hot and humid conditions but does not induce change physiological parameters in ambient conditions. CLINICALTRIALS: gov Identifier: NCT05727774.
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Registered trials
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