ArticleLa Radiologia medica2025
Italian radiologists and dual-energy CT: a state of the art from a shared document by the computed tomography subspecialty section of the Italian society of radiology.
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3 citing papers in PubMed.
- What you don't see matters: dual-energy CT in emergency radiology.Japanese journal of radiology · 2026Review
- Human-AI Interaction in Interventional Radiology: A Narrative Review of Current Applications, Challenges, and Future Directions.Journal of imaging · 2026Review
- Spectral Computed Tomography Angiography in Visceral Artery Aneurysms: Technical Principles and Clinical Applications.Tomography (Ann Arbor, Mich.) · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
89 authors.
Maria Antonietta MazzeiItalian College of Computed Tomography of Italian Society of Medical and Interventional Radiology (SIRM), 20122, Milan, Italy.
Alfonso CeraseDiagnostic and Therapeutic Neuroradiology Unit, Clinical Department of Neurological and Motor Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese, 53100, Siena, Italy.
Giulio BagnacciItalian College of Computed Tomography of Italian Society of Medical and Interventional Radiology (SIRM), 20122, Milan, Italy. giulio.bagnacci@unisi.it.
Armando PerrellaUnit of Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Medical, Surgical and Neuro Sciences and of Radiological Sciences, University of Siena, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese, Viale Mario Bracci 11, 53100, Siena, Italy.
Nunzia Di MeglioUnit of Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Medical, Surgical and Neuro Sciences and of Radiological Sciences, University of Siena, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese, Viale Mario Bracci 11, 53100, Siena, Italy. dimeglionunzia@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0002-6019-8541
Francesco Giuseppe MazzeiUnit of Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Emergency-Urgency, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese, 53100, Siena, Italy.
Luca VolterraniItalian College of Computed Tomography of Italian Society of Medical and Interventional Radiology (SIRM), 20122, Milan, Italy.
Giulia A ZamboniItalian College of Computed Tomography of Italian Society of Medical and Interventional Radiology (SIRM), 20122, Milan, Italy.
Michaela CellinaItalian College of Computed Tomography of Italian Society of Medical and Interventional Radiology (SIRM), 20122, Milan, Italy.
Susanna GuerriniItalian College of Computed Tomography of Italian Society of Medical and Interventional Radiology (SIRM), 20122, Milan, Italy.
Giuseppe MinettiItalian College of Computed Tomography of Italian Society of Medical and Interventional Radiology (SIRM), 20122, Milan, Italy.
Laura Maria CacioppaItalian College of Computed Tomography of Italian Society of Medical and Interventional Radiology (SIRM), 20122, Milan, Italy.
Giorgio AscentiDepartment of Biomedical Sciences and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University Hospital Messina, 98122, Messina, Italy.
Chiara FloridiItalian College of Computed Tomography of Italian Society of Medical and Interventional Radiology (SIRM), 20122, Milan, Italy.
Andrea GiovagnoniDepartment of Clinical, Special and Dental Sciences, University Politecnica Delle Marche, 60126, Ancona, Italy.
Italian Society of Medical and Interventional Radiology partecipants
Teresa ArcadiDiagnostic Imaging Unit, Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Monastier di Treviso, Italy.
Giovanni Maria ArgiolasRadiology Service, Azienda Di Rilievo Nazionale Ed Alta Specializzazione (ARNAS) G.Brotzu, Cagliari, Italy.
Francesco Marcello AricoDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Di Messina G.Martino, Messina, Italy.
Velio AscentiPostgraduation School in Radiodiagnostics, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy.
Luca Ausili CefaroDepartment of Diagnostic Imaging, Radiology and Neuroradiology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
Vittoria BallettaUnit of Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Medical, Surgical and Neuro Sciences and of Radiological Sciences, University of Siena, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy.
Claudia BarillàDepartment of Biomedical Sciences and Morphologic and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
Stefano BastanielloNeurological Institute-Foundation IRCCS "C. Mondino", Pavia, Italy.
Eugenio BelattiDepartment of Medicine and Surgery, Diagnostic Imaging, University of Perugia, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Di Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
Raffaele BisognoDiagnostic Imaging Unit, Humanitas Clinical Institute, Milan, Italy.
Giovanni BonentiDepartment of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Molinette Hospital, AOU Città Della Salute E Della Scienza, Radiologia 2, Turin, Italy.
Antonio BottariDepartment of Biomedical Sciences and Morphologic and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
Pasquale BufanoUnit of Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Medical, Surgical and Neuro Sciences and of Radiological Sciences, University of Siena, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy.
Guido BuonomennaDepartment of General Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliera Di Rilievo Nazionale E Di Alta Specialità San Giuseppe Moscati, Avellino, Italy.
Cristina CalandraDiagnostic Imaging Unit, ASL Benevento, Benevento, Italy.
Tanio CampagnuoloDepartment of Diagnostic Imaging and Radioterapy, University of Perugia, Azienda Ospedaliera di Terni, Terni, Italy.
Delia CampanellaDiagnostic Imaging Unit, Candiolo Cancer Institute, Candiolo, Turin, Italy.
Roberto CannellaSection of Radiology - Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University Hospital Paolo Giaccone, Palermo, Italy.
Danilo CaudoDiagnostic Imaging Unit, Istituto Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo IRCCS, Messina, Italy.
Giuseppe CiceroDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Di Messina G.Martino, Messina, Italy.
Giuseppe CittadiniDepartment of Diagnostic Imaging, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.
Valeria ConsoliDepartment of Odontostomatologic and Specialized Clinical Sciences, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
Tommaso D'AngeloDepartment of Biomedical Sciences and Morphologic and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
Annemilia Del CielloDepartment of Diagnostic Imaging, Oncological Radiotherapy and Hematology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
Vito Di MartinoUnit of Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Medical, Surgical and Neuro Sciences and of Radiological Sciences, University of Siena, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy.
Margherita Di StefanoUnit of Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Medical, Surgical and Neuro Sciences and of Radiological Sciences, University of Siena, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy.
Alessandra FarchioneDepartment of Diagnostic Imaging, Oncological Radiotherapy and Hematology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
Antonio Pio FranciosoDepartment of Diagnostic Imaging, ASST Lodi, Lodi, Italy.
Barbara FrittoliDepartment of Diagnostic Imaging, ASST-Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
Rachele FruzzaUnit of Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Medical, Surgical and Neuro Sciences and of Radiological Sciences, University of Siena, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy.
Valeria GarufiUnit of Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Medical, Surgical and Neuro Sciences and of Radiological Sciences, University of Siena, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy.
Chiara GennariDiagnostic Imaging Unit, Riccione Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Riccione, Italy.
Francesco GentiliUnit of Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Radiological Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese, , Siena, Italy.
Ivan GigantelliDiagnostic Imaging Uniy, Conegliano Hospital, ULSS2, Conegliano, Treviso, Italy.
Mariangela IodiceAzienda Ospedaliera Di Rilevanza Nazionale Sant'Anna E San Sebastiano, Caserta, Italy.
Anna Rita LariciDepartment of Diagnostic Imaging, Oncological Radiotherapy and Hematology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
Enrica LiguoriUnit of Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Medical, Surgical and Neuro Sciences and of Radiological Sciences, University of Siena, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy.
Stefano LofinoInterdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Diagnostic Imaging, University of Bari, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Di Bari, Bari, Italy.
Antonio Lo TitoDepartment of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.
Nicola MaggialettiInterdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Diagnostic Imaging, University of Bari, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Di Bari, Bari, Italy.
Francesca MenchiniDiagnostic Imaging Unit, Department of Chirurgical Sciences, University of Torino, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Città Della Salute, Turin, Italy.
Cinzia MicheliDiagnostic Imaging Unit, San Camillo de' Lellis Hospital, Rieti, Italy.
Vittorio MieleEmergency Radiology, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy.
Nicola MigliaccioDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Di Messina G.Martino, Messina, Italy.
Bruno MinopoliDiagnostic Imaging Department, Azienda Ospedaliero - Universitaria Policlinico Riuniti, Foggia, Italy.
Ilaria MonteleoneUnit of Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Radiological Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese, , Siena, Italy.
Emanuele NeriDepartment of Translational Research, Academic Radiology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
Luca PanebiancoDepartment of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliera Dell'Alto Adige, Merano, Italy.
Fabio PerottoDiagnostic Imaging Unit, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, Turin, Italy.
Matteo PignatelliDiagnostic and Interventional Radiology Unit, Ospedale Dei Castelli, ASL Roma6, Rome, Italy.
Andrea PisanoPadre Pio Bracciano Hospital, Asl Roma 4, Rome, Italy.
Gabriele PolonaraDepartment of Odontostomatologic and Specialized Clinical Sciences, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
Giuseppe PosillicoAzienda Ospedaliera Di Rilevanza Nazionale Sant'Anna E San Sebastiano, Caserta, Italy.
Sergio RacchiusaDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Di Messina G.Martino, Messina, Italy.
Lorenzo SantiniUnit of Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Medical, Surgical and Neuro Sciences and of Radiological Sciences, University of Siena, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy.
Francesco SecchiDepartment of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milano, Milan, Italy.
Cristian SicaUnit of Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Medical, Surgical and Neuro Sciences and of Radiological Sciences, University of Siena, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy.
Salvatore SilipigniDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Di Messina G.Martino, Messina, Italy.
Carmelo SofiaDepartment of Biomedical Sciences and Morphologic and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
Alberto StagnoDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Di Messina G.Martino, Messina, Italy.
Silvia StorerDiagnostic Imaging Unit, Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Monastier di Treviso, Italy.
Corrado TagliatiDepartment of Clinical Services, UOSD Radiologia, ASL Teramo, Teramo, Italy.
Ilaria TangaDiagnostic and Interventional Radiology Unit, Ospedale Dei Castelli, ASL Roma6, Rome, Italy.
Francesco TestaRadiology Unit, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Michele E Pietro Ferrero Hospital, ASL Cuneo, Cuneo, Italy.
Michele ToneriniDepartment of Emergency Radiology, Cisanello Hospital, Pisa, Italy.
Giorgio TorrigianiUnit of Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Medical, Surgical and Neuro Sciences and of Radiological Sciences, University of Siena, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy.
Chiara TorrisiDiagnostic Imaging Unit, Humanitas Clinical Institute, Milan, Italy.
Francesco ToscanoDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Di Messina G.Martino, Messina, Italy.
Silvia TresoldiDepartment of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, ASST-Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy.
Umberto TupputiDepartment of Radiology, Tatarella Hospital of Cerignola, ASL Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
Francesco VerdeDepartment of Emergency Radiology, Grand Hospital Antonio Cardarelli of Naples, Naples, Italy.
Carlo ZanoliniDiagnostic Imaging Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Cosenza, Cosenza, Italy.
Fabio ZeccaRadiology Department, University of Cagliari, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Cagliari, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThe main objective was to assess the geographical distribution and main areas of use of dual-energy CT (DECT) scanners in Italy prior to the implementation of the National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP) within the Next Generation EU (NGEU) framework. Secondary objectives included the level of knowledge of DECT among radiologists and some possible solutions to maximize its use.
methodsBetween February and March 2022, an anonymous questionnaire was conducted among the members of the Italian Society of Medical and Interventional Radiology (SIRM), using the Google form platform.
resultsA total of 261 radiologists (mean age 41 ± 11.7 years) from 90 Italian cities participated in the questionnaire. 42% of them worked in an academic center, and diagnostic imaging was the main area of work for most participants (87%). Most radiologists had some knowledge gap, especially those who did not have a DECT scanner available in their hospital (48.3%). Weekly use of DECT protocols varied widely between centers. Oncological imaging (70.4%) was the main area of use. Radiologists use DECT to improve contrast resolution (65.9%), characterize materials (64.4%), and reduce the amount of contrast agent (60%). 91.1% of participants reported that DECT improved their diagnostic accuracy.
conclusionDECT scanners have become increasingly available in Italy in recent years, and their number is expected to increase with the NRRP. There is a wide variation in their use and in the expertise of radiologists, leading to a huge untapped potential, that can be improved by specific training. A similar questionnaire will be conducted at the end of the NRRP in 2027.
Indexed as
Practice Patterns, Physicians'Radiography, Dual-Energy Scanned ProjectionRadiologistsTomography, X-Ray ComputedAdultFemaleHumansItalyMaleMiddle AgedSocieties, MedicalSurveys and QuestionnairesComputed TomographyDual-Energy computed tomographyNational Recovery and Resilience PlanNext Generation EU
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