Evidence mapPaperPMID 40663246Full record

ReviewMolecular diversity2026

Porphyrin/metalloporphyrin and their conjugates: a promising platform for drug delivery.

Dure Najaf Iqbal, Sohail Khaliq, Muhammad Zaeem Mehdi, Mohammed H Al Mughram, Mahmood Ahmed

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Molecular diversity, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Dure Najaf IqbalDepartment of Chemistry, The University of Lahore, Lahore, 53700, Pakistan.
Sohail KhaliqDepartment of Chemistry, The University of Lahore, Lahore, 53700, Pakistan.
Muhammad Zaeem MehdiDepartment of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, College Road, Lahore, Pakistan.
Mohammed H Al MughramDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, 61421, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
Mahmood AhmedDepartment of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, College Road, Lahore, Pakistan. mahmoodresearchscholar@gmail.com.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2285-7406

Funding

King Khalid University RGP2/329/46
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Porphyrins and metalloporphyrins are emerging as versatile platforms for advanced drug delivery due to their unique structural, photophysical, and coordination properties. These macrocyclic compounds, known for their chemical stability and capacity to chelate various metal ions, address critical challenges in drug delivery, including poor solubility, non-specific toxicity, and limited control over drug release. This review explores synthetic strategies for porphyrins and their metal complexes, including classical and green methods, and highlights their therapeutic applications through diverse nanocarrier systems, such as gold nanoparticles, cyclodextrin conjugates, mesoporous silica, liposomes, and metal-organic frameworks. These systems offer stimuli-responsive, targeted, and synergistic therapeutic functionalities-especially in cancer therapy-by combining chemotherapy with photodynamic or sonodynamic modalities. Despite their promise, limitations persist, including scalability issues, potential metal toxicity, and insufficient long-term biocompatibility data. The review outlines future directions, advocating for AI-driven design, sustainable synthesis, and expanded applications beyond oncology, emphasizing the need for systematic comparative studies and clinical translation efforts.

Indexed as

Drug Delivery SystemsMetalloporphyrinsPorphyrinsAnimalsAntineoplastic AgentsDrug CarriersHumansAntineoplastic AgentsDrug CarriersMetalloporphyrinsPorphyrinsAnticancer drugsDrug deliveryMetalloporphyrinPorphyrinTherapy

Identifiers

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.