Evidence mapPaperPMID 40663292Full record

ArticleEndocrine2025

Prevalence of autoimmune comorbidities and association with glycemic control by CGM-derived parameters in type 1 diabetes.

Ana Margarida Lopes, Ana Rita Leite, Patrícia Ferreira, Inês Meira, João Menino, Mariana Lourenço, Joana Lagoa, Beatriz Viveiros, Maria João Barbosa, Sílvia Santos Monteiro and 3 more

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Article in Endocrine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

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1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Ana Margarida LopesFaculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Ana Rita LeiteFaculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. ana.leite7c@gmail.com.
Patrícia FerreiraFaculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Inês MeiraFaculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
João MeninoFaculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Mariana LourençoFaculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Joana LagoaFaculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Beatriz ViveirosFaculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Maria João BarbosaFaculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Sílvia Santos MonteiroFaculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Joana QueirósDepartment of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, São João Local Health Unit, Porto, Portugal.
João Sérgio NevesFaculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Celestino NevesFaculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeType 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease frequently associated with other autoimmune diseases. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of additional autoimmunity in adults with T1D and its association with glycemic control, chronic complications, and other comorbidities.

methodsWe performed a cross-sectional study in adult patients with T1D, followed at the Endocrinology Department of a tertiary hospital, between May 2022 and May 2024. Clinical data collected included glycemic control (HbA1c and continuous glucose monitoring [CGM] parameters), diabetes complications, and other comorbidities. These parameters were compared according to the history of autoimmune diseases. Statistical analysis was performed using parametric and non-parametric tests, ANCOVA and logistic regression models, unadjusted and adjusted for age and sex.

resultsOf the 439 participants (48.8% female and mean age 36.8 ± 14.1 years), 33.8% had at least one autoimmune disease, predominantly Hashimoto's thyroiditis (28.8%) and celiac disease (3.9%), with higher prevalence in women (p < 0.001). HbA1c (7.7 ± 1.3 vs. 7.8 ± 1.4%, p = 0.53) and CGM-derived parameters, such as glucose management indicator (7.4 ± 0.9 vs. 7.4 ± 0.8%, p = 0.44) and time in range (58.7 ± 18.9 vs. 56.6 ± 16.5%, p = 0.84), were similar in patients with and without autoimmune diseases.

conclusionsOver one fourth of patients with T1D had a concomitant autoimmune disease. Our results suggest that the presence of other autoimmune diseases may not preclude the attainment of similar glycemic targets. Given the high risk of autoimmunity in T1D, systematic screening and personalized treatment should be considered. Prospective studies are warranted to explore the long-term implications on metabolic control and cardiovascular outcomes.

Indexed as

Autoimmune DiseasesDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1Glycemic ControlAdultBlood GlucoseBlood Glucose Self-MonitoringComorbidityCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleGlycated HemoglobinHashimoto DiseaseHumansMaleMiddle AgedPrevalenceYoung AdultBlood GlucoseGlycated HemoglobinAutoimmune diseasesCeliac diseaseContinuous glucose monitoring (CGM)Glycemic controlHashimoto’s thyroiditisType 1 diabetes mellitus

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.