Evidence mapPaperPMID 40664405Full record

SynthesisBMJ open2025

Evaluating the effectiveness of community health worker interventions on glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Joseph Evans, Howard Ha, Patrick Thomas White

Registry-linked trialAbstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
In one paragraph

Synthesis in BMJ open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07432126 (Community Health Workers Led Integrated Management of Hypertension and Diabetes in Nepal), which is not on this map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07432126 narecruitingnot on this map

Community Health Workers Led Integrated Management of Hypertension and Diabetes in Nepal

TypeinterventionalSponsorKathmandu University School of Medical SciencesRan2025 to 2027Enrolled398ConditionsHypertension (HTN), Diabetes (DM)ArmsIntegrated management of hypertension and diabetes using group care approach
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Trial
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Joseph EvansPopulation Health Sciences, King's College London Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, London, UK joseph.r.evans@kcl.ac.uk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0004-9650-4410
Howard HaPopulation Health Sciences, King's College London Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, London, UK.
Patrick Thomas WhitePopulation Health Sciences, King's College London Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2047-8787

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveCommunity health worker (CHW) interventions in control of HbA1c levels in diabetes have shown varied effects in randomised controlled trials. In the systematic review reported here, we aimed to evaluate the independent effectiveness of CHW interventions on the control of HbA1c levels in adults with type 2 diabetes.

designSystematic review and meta-analysis.

participants1684 participants from 7 studies were included.

interventionsRandomised controlled trials of adults with type 2 diabetes receiving CHW interventions of at least 12 months' duration compared with usual care were eligible. Databases searched were Ovid MEDLINE, the Cochrane Central Register, CINAHL and Web of Science from 2000 to March 2025. Quality was assessed using the Cochrane RoB2 tool. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE: Through meta-analysis, we calculated the mean weighted difference (MWD) of change in HbA1c level from baseline between groups using RevMan.

resultsSeven of 86 retrieved studies were eligible. Six studies were suitable for meta-analysis and included 1280 participants. An inverse variance weighted meta-analysis showed a significant improvement in pooled HbA1c level with an MWD of 0.50% (0.28%, 0.71%) in the CHW group (p<0.0001). Outcome heterogeneity was low (I

conclusionsCHW interventions in type 2 diabetes showed statistically significant and clinically important reductions in HbA1c levels in people from minority ethnic groups on low income.

Indexed as

Community Health WorkersDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Glycemic ControlGlycated HemoglobinHumansRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicGlycated Hemoglobinhemoglobin A1c protein, humanDIABETES & ENDOCRINOLOGYDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Meta-AnalysisPrimary Health Care

Identifiers

PMID40664405
PMCPMC12265813

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.