ArticleBMC public health2025
Association of obesity phenotypes with risk of cardiovascular disease mortality: a prospective cohort study.
Article in BMC public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Insights into Metabolically Healthy Obesity-A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundProspective longitudinal studies have shown inconsistent effects of obesity phenotypes on the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. Also, longitudinal evidence from Chinese populations remained scarce. We aimed to investigate the association of obesity phenotypes assessed by body mass index (BMI) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) with risk of CVD mortality, leveraging the unique adiposity patterns and metabolic vulnerability of Asian populations.
methodsA subset of 26,884 participants (aged 49.30 ± 10.37 years, 39.23% men) from Taizhou longitudinal study were followed up to 8 years. Obesity phenotypes were categorized into 4 groups including metabolically healthy non-obese (MHNO), metabolically healthy obese (MHO), metabolically unhealthy non-obese (MUNO) and metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO), using BMI categories from Chinese criteria (obesity: ≥28.0 kg/m²) and MetS defined by International Diabetes Federation (IDF) consensus. The death caused by CVD were identified based on international classification of diseases-10th Revision (ICD-10). Data were analyzed using the Cox regression models and Laplace regression models.
resultsOf 26,884 participants, 15,462 (57.5%), 1,702 (6.3%), 3,656 (13.6%) and 2,064 (7.7%) subjects were classified into the MHNO, MHO, MUNO and MUO group, respectively. At the end of the follow-up, 113 (0.39%) participants died because of CVD. Compared with the MHNO group, the hazards ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of CVD mortality were 1.73 (1.03–2.91) and 1.97 (1.11–3.52) respectively in MUNO and MUO group. The multi-adjusted 50th percentile differences (50th PDs) (95% CIs) of time at incident CVD mortality in MUNO and MUO group were 0.97 (0.00-1.93) and 1.35 (0.31–2.39) years earlier respectively than those in MHNO group. MHO group showed no significant risk elevation (HR = 1.21, 0.68–2.17) despite the earlier 50th percentile differences of CVD mortality years (50th PD = 0.94, 95%CI: 0.38–2.25).
conclusionsMetabolic abnormalities increased the risk of CVD mortality especially in participants with obesity.
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