ArticleCardiovascular diabetology2025
Association of temporal MASLD with type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and mortality.
Article in Cardiovascular diabetology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Traditional Chinese medicine for type 2 diabetes with metabolic-associated steatotic liver disease: unified effects and design thresholds.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Pooled it
- MASLD, diabetes and PMOS across the female life stages.Diabetologia · 2026Review
- Is MASLD an independent risk factor for micro- and macrovascular complications of diabetes? A critical reappraisal and future directions.Diabetologia · 2026Review
- Co-occurrence patterns and related risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.Endocrine · 2026Article
- Mitochondrial Distress Signals at the Heart-Liver Interface: Molecular Links Between MASLD and Heart Failure.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- From liver to cardiovascular system: the MASLD-ASCVD continuum.Internal and emergency medicine · 2026Review
- The cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, and glucose index and its derived indices predict cardiometabolic multimorbidity development and progression in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease individuals: a prospective cohort study.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2026Article
- HFpEF and MASLD: converging mechanisms and clinical implications.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2026Review
- Association of estimated pulse wave velocity with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in multiple cohorts.iScience · 2026Article
- Interplay between MASLD, obesity and type 2 diabetes: epidemiology, shared pathways and clinical implications.BMJ open gastroenterology · 2026Review
- Revisiting Insulin Resistance in the Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Multi-Organ Perspective.Diabetes & metabolism journal · 2026Review
- Associations between the C-reactive protein-triglyceride-glucose index and its derived indices and the incidence and progression of cardiometabolic multimorbidity in participants with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a large-scale prospective cohort study.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2026Article
- Predictive significance of triglyceride-glucose index in forecasting adverse cardiovascular events among Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with co-existing metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD): evidence from two cohort studies.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2026Article
- Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease as a Systemic Driver of Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: Mechanistic Insights and Emerging Therapeutic Perspectives.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Hepatic metabolic burden and all-cause mortality across glucose metabolism statuses in a cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome population: insights from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).Cardiovascular diabetology · 2026Article
- Risk-associated and clinically informative biomarkers for cardiovascular risk stratification in metabolic dysfunction-Associated steatotic liver disease.American journal of preventive cardiology · 2026Article
- MASLD In Children - A Distinct Phenotype?Current obesity reports · 2026Review
- Association between estimated glucose disposal rate and cause-specific mortality among individuals with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2026Article
- Bidirectional relationship between metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus.EXCLI journal · 2026Review
- Epigenetics, bacterial metabolites and type 2 diabetes: a new view of gut-genome interactions.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundWe investigated the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and related comorbidities including cardiovascular disease (CVD), and mortality, based on changes in metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD).
methodsWe analyzed data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service for individuals aged ≥ 20 years. MASLD was defined as a fatty liver index (FLI), a prediction formula based on metabolic parameters, with a cutoff of ≥ 60. FLI measurements were compared within each individual over a 2 years period. Based on changes in FLI between two health checkups, individuals were classified into four categories; never MASLD (FLI consistently < 60), incident MASLD (FLI < 60 to ≥ 60), regressed MASLD (≥ 60 to < 60), and persistent MASLD (FLI consistently ≥ 60). The primary outcome was T2DM occurrence in the general population and myocardial infarction (MI), ischemic stroke, heart failure (HF) and mortality events in individuals with preexisting T2DM with adjustment for age, sex, smoking, alcohol drinking, and regular exercise.
resultsIn 4,397,808 individuals without T2DM, 229,475 (5.2%) developed T2DM during a median follow-up period of 7.3 years. The risk of incident T2DM was the highest in individuals with persistent MASLD compared to those who never had MASLD (HR = 5.28, 95% CI = 5.22-5.34). Individuals with incident or regressed MASLD also had increased risk of developing T2DM (HR = 3.30, 95% CI = 3.25-3.35 for incident MASLD, HR = 2.87, 95% CI = 2.82-2.92 for regressed MASLD). In a cohort of 636,520 individuals with preexisting T2DM followed for a median of 6.2 years, those with persistent MASLD had a higher risk of HF (HR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.25 to 1.32), MI (HR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.10 to 1.20), stroke (HR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.09 to 1.19) and all-cause mortality (HR = 1.11, 95% CI = 1.09-1.14) compared to individuals who never had MASLD. Similarly, both incident and regressed MASLD were associated with an increased risk for HF, MI, stroke and all-cause mortality.
conclusionsPersistent MASLD is associated with an increased risk of incident T2DM, and further elevates the risk of CVD, and mortality among individuals with T2DM. Even individuals with incident or regressed MASLD exhibit an increased risk of these adverse outcomes compared to those who never had MASLD.
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