ReviewPediatric discovery2025
Spina bifida as a multifactorial birth defect: Risk factors and genetic underpinnings.
Review in Pediatric discovery, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Germline and Embryonic Mechanisms in the Epigenetic Inheritance of Neurodevelopmental and Cognitive Traits in Mammals.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Feasibility and Preliminary Response of a Novel Training Program on Mobility Parameters in Adolescents with Movement Disorders.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Spina bifida as a multifactorial birth defect: Risk factors and genetic underpinnings.Pediatric discovery · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Spina bifida is a birth defect resulting from abnormal embryonic development of the neural tube. Though spina bifida is divided into several subtypes, myelomeningocele-the most severe form of spina bifida often associated with a markedly diminished quality of life-accounts for a significant portion of cases. A broad range of genetic and environmental factors, many of which are still unknown, influence spina bifida, making it difficult to provide a comprehensive etiology for the disorder. Folic acid supplementation aided by the mandatory fortification of food is preventive; still, spina bifida persists due to numerous other confounding factors that affect risk. This article reviews the latest studies pertaining to the risk factors and genetics involved in spina bifida in an attempt to elucidate the complex background of the congenital malformation. Additionally, this review highlights the significant impact of environmental pollutants, adverse medication effects, and maternal health conditions such as diabetes and obesity on the prevalence of spina bifida. Emerging research on gene-environment interactions provides insight into how specific genetic variants may influence susceptibility to these environmental factors. We also discuss new technologies in genetic sequencing that show promise for the large-scale discovery of genes associated with spina bifida risk. Understanding these intricate interactions is crucial for developing effective prevention and intervention strategies.
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Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.