ArticleBMC pregnancy and childbirth2025
First-trimester triglyceride-glucose index and birth weight: a retrospective cohort mediation analysis of preterm birth and gestational complications.
Article in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The correlation between triglyceride-glucose index in early pregnancy (<20 weeks) and pregnancy complications and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Distinct pregnancy challenges in PCOS women undergoing IVF/ICSI with singleton and twin births: a propensity-matched analysis.Journal of ovarian research · 2026Article
- TyHGB as a predictive marker for preeclampsia: association with increased risk in pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance.Lipids in health and disease · 2026Article
- Predictive Value of the second-Trimester Triglyceride-Glucose Index and Its Derived Indices for Macrosomia in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2026Article
- First-trimester atherogenic index of plasma and triglyceride-glucose indices in pregestational diabetes mellitus: associations with adverse pregnancy outcomes.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Insulin Resistance in GDM A1 vs Healthy Pregnancy: A Comparative Study Using METS-IR and TyG Index.International journal of women's health · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundInsulin resistance during pregnancy, while physiologically adaptive to enhance fetal nutrient supply, becomes pathological when excessive, contributing to low birth weight (LBW). The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, a biomarker of insulin resistance, predicts gestational complications, but its pathways to birth weight disparities remain unclear. This study investigates whether and to what extent first-trimester TyG index influences birth weight through preterm birth and gestational complications.
methodsIn this retrospective cohort study, 8,605 singleton pregnancies from a Chinese hospital (2015-2021) were analyzed. TyG index was calculated from first-trimester fasting glucose and triglycerides. Outcomes included gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), hypertension, preeclampsia, preterm birth, LBW, macrosomia, and small/large-for-gestational-age (SGA/LGA). Logistic/multinomial regression assessed associations, followed by causal mediation analysis (R medflex package) to decompose direct/indirect effects. Models adjusted for maternal age, body mass index, education, parity, and diabetes family history.
resultsA 1-standard deviation TyG index increase was associated with elevated risks of gestational complications (i.e., GDM, gestational hypertension, and preeclampsia). Higher TyG index level also showed positive associations with adverse birth outcomes: preterm birth (OR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.08-1.34), LBW (OR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.00-1.24), and LGA (OR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.05-1.21), but not with macrosomia or SGA. Mediation analysis revealed that individual gestational complications mediated 17.7% (GDM), 11.1% (gestational hypertension), and 18.9% (preeclampsia) of the TyG-LBW association, with a joint mediation effect of 37.5%. Preterm birth alone mediated 89.0% of the TyG index-LBW association. When considering all mediators together (preterm birth and gestational complications), the joint natural indirect effect was 1.12 (95% CI 1.05-1.18) with a null natural direct effect being 1.00 (95% CI 0.90-1.11), indicating full mediation. These mediation patterns were primarily evident among women with normal pre-pregnancy weight. Quartile-based comparisons (4th vs. 1st ) yielded similar results.
conclusionOur findings highlight a significant association between the first-trimester TyG index and LBW with preterm birth emerging as the primary mediating pathway and gestational complications contributing partially to this relationship. Future research should explore whether interventions aimed at preventing preterm birth and gestational complications can mitigate the LBW risk.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.