SynthesisInternational health2026
Susceptible window identification of the relationship between maternal ozone exposure and preterm birth.
Synthesis in International health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Previous studies have focused on the effects of ozone (O3) exposure and preterm birth (PTB), but the findings are contentious and the susceptible window for O3 exposure during pregnancy remains inconclusive. Here, we pooled the current evidence to explore the relationship between maternal O3 exposure and PTB and further identified the susceptible exposure windows. We pooled a meta-analysis of 17 eligible studies by searching Embase, PubMed and Web of Science through 9 September 2024. The odds ratio (OR) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were extracted for analysis. The tests for heterogeneity, sensitivity and publication bias between studies were performed using Stata 15.0 (StataCorp, College Station, TX, USA). The combined results showed a positive association between O3 exposure and PTB (n=13; OR 1.065 [95% CI 1.056 to 1.073]), and middle pregnancy (gestational weeks 13-27) may be a susceptible window of O3 exposure with PTB (n=11; OR 1.033 [95% CI 1.029 to 1.036]). This meta-analysis suggested that O3 exposure during pregnancy may independently increase the risk of PTB and gestational weeks the 13-27 is a critical window for preventing this risk. Reducing outdoor activity or a wearing protective mask and multiple micronutrients supplementation during pregnancy may reduce the risk of O3 exposure in PTB.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.