ArticleClinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)2025
The Effect of Four Hours of Continuous Personal Computer (PC) Gaming on the Development of Dry Eye Symptoms in College Students.
Article in Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate if a short period of playing video games on a personal computer (PC) causes changes in measurements of dry eye disease (DED). Patients and Methods: We recruited 41 Quinnipiac University students (ages 18-23 years, mean age 19.66±1.09 years; 9 females, 32 males), with eligibility criteria being 18+ years old, identifying as "gamers" without previous history of eye surgery, steroid use, autoimmune disorders, or history of or previous treatment for dry eye. Each student was administered DED-related assessments before/after four hours of continuous PC gaming: 1) Standardized Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness (SPEED) and Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaires, 2) Snellen visual acuity test, 3) tear osmolarity point-of-care assay, 4) matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) inflammation point-of-care assay, and 5) an unanesthetized Schirmer test of tear production. Students were limited to 500 cc of water during the four hour period. Results: Following gaming, the mean SPEED scores increased significantly (p<0.001, Wilcoxon signed-rank test), as did the frequency and severity of soreness/irritation and eye fatigue. Tear osmolarity decreased and tear production increased in the right eye. Other metrics (OSDI, Snellen, and MMP-9) did not change significantly. Conclusion: As little as four hours of continuous PC gaming with limited hydration results in an increase in self-reported measures of DED symptoms. These prospective findings corroborate the epidemiological link between gaming and DED symptoms and highlight the need for long-term studies.
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