Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40672063›Full record

ArticleJournal of gastrointestinal oncology2025

Long-term outcomes of indeterminate focal hepatic observations less than 20 mm followed up with gadoxetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (Gd-EOB-DTPA-MRI).

Fei Xing, Yichen Xu, Yue Cao, Lijuan Zhai, Jian Lu, Jifeng Jiang, Qinrong Ma, Wei Xing, Ralf Weiskirchen, Vasileios K Mavroeidis and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of gastrointestinal oncology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Fei Xing *Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University & Nantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong, China.
Yichen Xu *School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
Yue CaoSchool of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
Lijuan ZhaiDepartment of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University & Nantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong, China.
Jian LuDepartment of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University & Nantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong, China.
Jifeng JiangDepartment of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University & Nantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong, China.
Qinrong MaDepartment of Pathology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University & Nantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong, China.
Wei XingDepartment of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China.
Ralf WeiskirchenInstitute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy, and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
Vasileios K MavroeidisDepartment of Transplant Surgery, North Bristol NHS Trust, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK.
Tao ZhangDepartment of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University & Nantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong, China.
Songhua MaSchool of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Indeterminate hepatic observations classified as Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) category 3 (LR-3) exhibit uncertain malignant potential and pose a diagnostic challenge during hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) surveillance. Although most LR-3 observations remain stable, recent studies have reported variable progression rates to HCC. The purpose of the present study was to investigate and assess the clinical outcomes and progression-associated factors of LR-3 observations less than 20 mm in high-risk patients, on follow-up with serial gadoxetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (Gd-EOB-MRI). Methods: A retrospective review was conducted on 125 patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related cirrhosis who underwent Gd-EOB-MRI examinations at index and during follow-up. A total of 149 untreated LR-3 observations less than 20 mm in size were included in the study. Stepwise multivariate Cox proportional hazards model analysis was performed to identify the predictive risk factors for progression (upgraded to LR-4 or LR-5), including patient demographics and LI-RADS imaging features. Overall cumulative risk for progression was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and significant predictive risk factors were compared using the log-rank test. Results: Over a median follow-up period of 18.3 months (range, 2.7-78.5 months), the overall cumulative risk of progression for LR-3 observations was 41.6% (62/149) and was 1.3%, 9.5%, 17.3%, and 37.3% at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months, respectively. The multivariate analysis revealed three significant independent predictors of progression: non-rim arterial phase hyperenhancement (APHE) [hazard ratio (HR) =2.19; P=0.005], subthreshold growth (HR =2.78; P=0.001), and mild-to-moderate T2 hyperintensity (HR =5.25; P<0.001). LR-3 observations with non-rim APHE or mild-to-moderate T2 hyperintensity showed a significantly higher cumulative risk of progression (53.3% Conclusions: Non-rim APHE, subthreshold growth, and mild-to-moderate T2 hyperintensity were significantly associated with an increased risk of progression among high-risk patients with LR-3 observations.. In particular, the presence of non-rim APHE or mild-to-moderate T2 hyperintensity was linked to both a higher cumulative incidence of progression and a shorter median interval to LR category upgrade.

Indexed as

follow-upgadoxetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (Gd-EOB-DTPA-MRI)Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System category 3 (LR-3)Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS)

Identifiers

PMID40672063
PMCPMC12260963

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.