SynthesisJournal of gastroenterology and hepatology2025
Risk Factors for Microscopic Colitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Risk Factors for Microscopic Colitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology · 2025Pooled it
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMicroscopic colitis (MC) is still an underdiagnosed disease due to its primarily histological appearance. We aimed to address the scarcity and inconsistency of data on MC risk factors.
methodsOur protocol was prospectively registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022286624). We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane from inception to January 6, 2025. Cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies were included. Controls were distinguished with or without a histopathological examination. We used the random-effect model to calculate pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
resultsThe systematic search yielded 6493 articles, of which 45 were meta-analyzed. We found increased odds for MC in the case of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and statin use compared to histological (OR = 2.57, CI: 1.45-4.53; OR = 2.15, CI: 1.14-4.05) and random (OR = 2.56, CI: 1.13-5.79; OR = 1.84, CI: 0.58-5.80) controls. Our results did not show an association between proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and MC, compared to histological controls (OR = 1.81, CI: 0.75-4.35), except in the case of random controls (OR = 4.31, CI: 1.66-11.20). Neither current (OR = 1.35, CI: 0.88-2.06) nor previous smoking (OR = 1.26, CI: 0.67-2.39) increased the odds of MC compared to histological controls. In contrast, the odds doubled for current smoking and slightly changed for past smoking when MC patients were compared to random controls (OR = 2.40, CI: 1.64-3.50; OR = 1.11, CI: 0.93-1.31).
conclusionsNSAID and statin treatment were associated with an increased risk for MC compared to histological controls. PPIs and smoking showed only an association with MC when random controls were used.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.