ArticleCommunications biology2025
The Consortium for Genomic Diversity, Ancestry, and Health in Colombia (CÓDIGO): building local capacity in genomics and bioinformatics.
Article in Communications biology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Reference Intervals for Hemoglobin and Hematocrit Adjusted for Altitude, Sex, and Age: A Big Data-Based Study in the Colombian Population.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Pharmacogenomics and genetic ancestry: an opportunity to transform clinical practice in Colombia.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Addressing genetic diversity and health inequities: RELIVAF's proposal for Latin American pharmacogenomic guidelines.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Brain banks in Latin America: Infrastructure for diagnosis, research, and scientific equity in Mexico and the Caribbean.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Pharmacogenomics in Diabetes: Population-Specific Insights from Colombia.Journal of personalized medicine · 2025Article
- Pharmacogenetics and Molecular Ancestry ofPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Pharmacogenomics and genetic ancestry in Colombia: a study on all variant drug annotations of PharmGKB.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The Consortium for Genomic Diversity, Ancestry, and Health in Colombia (CÓDIGO) aims to build a community of Colombian researchers in support of local capacity in genomics, bioinformatics, and precision health. Here, we present the first CÓDIGO data release and the consortium web platform, including annotations for more than 95 million genetic variants from 1441 samples representing 14 populations from across the country. CÓDIGO samples show a wide range of African (16.7%), Indigenous American (32.8%), and European (50.6%) genetic ancestry components, with five distinct ancestry clusters. Thousands of ancestry-enriched variants, with divergent allele frequencies across clusters, show pharmacogenomic and clinical genetic associations. Examples include African ancestry-enriched variants associated with fast metabolism of the immunosuppressive drug tacrolimus and malaria resistance, and European ancestry-enriched variants associated with nicotine dependence and hereditary hemochromatosis. CÓDIGO reveals the nexus between ancestry and health in Colombia and underscores the utility of collaborative genome sequence analysis efforts.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.