Evidence mapPaperPMID 40676587Full record

ArticleBMC pediatrics2025

Clinical characteristics and outcomes of children with hypertensive encephalopathy.

Boonsita Wiraboonchai, Chaiyos Khongkhatithum, Norrarath Nimkarn, Songkiat Chantarogh, Pawaree Saisawat, Kanchana Tangnararatchakit, Kwanchai Pirojsakul

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Article in BMC pediatrics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

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0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Boonsita WiraboonchaiDepartment of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Chaiyos KhongkhatithumDepartment of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Norrarath NimkarnDepartment of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Songkiat ChantaroghDepartment of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Pawaree SaisawatDepartment of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Kanchana TangnararatchakitDepartment of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Kwanchai PirojsakulDepartment of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. puggyth@gmail.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundHypertensive encephalopathy (HE) is characterized by a severe increase in blood pressure, leading to neurological symptoms such as severe headache, seizure, and mental status change. Prompt medical treatment is crucial, often leading to full recovery without long-term neurological deficits. However, untreated cases can result in serious complications. This study aimed to describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of children who developed HE. MATERIALS AND

methodsA retrospective review of medical records in patients aged < 18 years diagnosed with HE in Ramathibodi Hospital was conducted. Data were collected, including demographics, underlying conditions, clinical presentations, blood pressure levels during HE, medications used, diagnostic investigations, and outcomes. Patients with pre-existing neurological symptoms or incomplete data were excluded. Data between the groups with kidney diseases and non-kidney diseases were compared.

resultsFifty-three patients (26 males) were included with a mean age of 8.9 ± 4 years and a median follow-up time of 47.8 months. Kidney disease (51%) was the most common cause of hypertension. Patients with kidney disease were older (10.3 vs. 7.5 years, p = 0.01), had a shorter duration between the diagnosis of underlying conditions and development of HE (70 vs. 457 days, p = 0.04), and a larger proportion of females (66.7% vs. 34.6%, p = 0.02). Neither clinical manifestations, such as generalized tonic-clonic seizures, headaches, and mental status changes, nor survival were different between the kidney and non-kidney groups. Five patients who developed recurrent episodes of HE had the underlying diseases involving endothelial injuries, such as small vessel vasculitis, and were on calcineurin inhibitors after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).

conclusionsPatients with kidney diseases were older and developed HE earlier, but there was no difference in survival between the kidney and non-kidney groups. Recurrent episodes of HE were detected in patients with small vessel vasculitis or taking calcineurin inhibitors after HSCT, prompting the pediatricians to be vigilant for blood pressure control in these patients.

Indexed as

Hypertensive EncephalopathyAdolescentChildChild, PreschoolFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansKidney DiseasesMaleRetrospective StudiesCharacteristicsChildrenHypertensive encephalopathyOutcomes

Identifiers

PMID40676587
PMCPMC12269113

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.