ReviewFrontiers in immunology2025
Exosomal PD-L1 detection in cancer predictive biomarker for response to immune checkpoint blockade therapy.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Exosomes and Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Current Knowledge and Clinical Significance.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Consolidated Evidence and New Frontiers of Liquid Biopsy in Lung Cancer: A Narrative Review.Cells · 2026Review
- PD-L1 in Ovarian Cancer: Immune Evasion, Tumor-Intrinsic Signaling, and Chemoresistance.Cancer medicine · 2026Review
- PD-L1Biomarker research · 2026Article
- Immunotherapy Resistance in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: from Tumor Biology to Biomarker-Guided Strategies.Current oncology reports · 2026Review
- Exosomes serve as natural nanocarriers targeting cancer stem cells to advance precision oncology.Discover oncology · 2026Review
- Extracellular Vesicles in Liver Disease: Redefining Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategies.International journal of stem cells · 2026Review
- Exosomal bioactive molecules: molecular regulation, functional heterogeneity, and translational implications in disease diagnostics and therapeutics.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2026Review
- Digital immune twins and ai-integrated multi-omic biomarkers: Redefining personalized immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer.Iranian journal of basic medical sciences · 2026Review
- Intracellular PD-L1: Functions, Regulation, and Therapeutic Implications.International journal of biological sciences · 2026Review
- Peripheral blood biomarkers in PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy: distinguishing predictive from prognostic biomarkers.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Navigating the Landscape of Exosomal microRNAs: Charting Their Pivotal Role as Biomarkers in Hematological Malignancies.Non-coding RNA · 2025Review
- The tumor microenvironment: adding pieces to the puzzle.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Significant increase in calcification and ossification observed after the second relapse of low-grade myofibroblast sarcoma treated with radiotherapy followed by anlotinib and toripalimab: a case report.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) carried by tumor-derived exosomes has emerged as a critical mediator of immune evasion and resistance to immune checkpoint blockade therapy. Unlike membrane-bound PD-L1, exosomal PD-L1 is systemically distributed and capable of suppressing T cell activity at distant sites. This review summarizes the current understanding of exosomal PD-L1 biogenesis, its immunosuppressive mechanisms, and its clinical relevance across multiple cancer types. We highlight its potential as a non-invasive biomarker for predicting therapeutic response and monitoring disease progression. Compared with tissue-based PD-L1 assessment, exosomal PD-L1 offers advantages in accessibility and dynamic reflection of tumor immune status. However, challenges remain regarding standardization of detection methods and clinical interpretation. Future directions include the integration of exosomal PD-L1 profiling into immunotherapy decision-making and the development of therapeutic strategies targeting exosome secretion. These insights may contribute to overcoming resistance in immunologically inert tumors and advancing precision oncology.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.