ArticleBMC psychiatry2025
Individualized transcranial temporal interference stimulation (tTIS) for cognitive impairments and negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.
Article in BMC psychiatry, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- FOXG1 Transcriptionally Orchestrates ParvalbuminNeuroscience bulletin · 2026Article
- Mapping the Global Trajectory and Key Trends of Temporal Interference Stimulation.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Dorsal anterior cingulate cortex-targeted transcranial temporal interference stimulation for negative symptoms and cognitive impairment in schizophrenia: a participant- and assessor-blinded, sham-controlled randomized controlled trial protocol.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Acoustic stimulation and other emerging approaches to enhance sleep: design notes for the next generation of closed-loop neurostimulation technology.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCognitive deficits and negative symptoms are core features of schizophrenia (SCZ) and remain major therapeutic challenges due to their limited responsiveness to antipsychotic medications. Transcranial temporal interference stimulation (tTIS) is a novel, non-invasive brain stimulation technique that enables targeted modulation of deep brain structures with high spatial specificity. While tTIS has shown promise in preliminary studies of other neuropsychiatric conditions, its clinical utility in SCZ has not been established. This study aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of tTIS targeting the right nucleus accumbens (NAc) in ameliorating cognitive deficits and negative symptoms in SCZ individuals.
methodsIn this randomized, double-blind, controlled trial, 76 SCZ patients with prominent cognitive deficits and negative symptoms will be recruited and randomly assigned to receive either active or sham tTIS. All participants will maintain stable antipsychotic regimens for at least 30 days prior to and throughout the intervention. The tTIS protocol comprises ten 30-min weekday stimulation sessions. Outcome assessments will be conducted at four time points: baseline (T0), post-intervention (T1), two weeks (T2), and four weeks (T3) after the final sesseion. The primary outcome is the change in cognitive performance, measured by the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB). Secondary outcomes include changes in positive and negative symptoms, depressive and anxiety symptoms, sleep quality, quality of life, and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) parameters. DISCUSSION: This trial will provide the first randomized controlled evidence on the clinical efficacy and neural effects of tTIS in SCZ patients. We hypothesize that participants receiving active tTIS will demonstrate significantly greater improvements in cognitive function and negative symptoms compared to those receiving sham stimulation.
trial registrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2500102724). Recruitment is scheduled to begin on May 27, 2025.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.